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EGBERT    BUIST, 

NURSERY    AND    SEEDSMAN. 

Warehouse,  No.  84  Chestnut  Street,  below  Third,  south  side : 

City  Greenhouses,  No.  140  South  Twelfth  Street; 

Nursery  and  Seed  Farm,  Pass}'T.ink  Road. 

Fruit,  Shade  and  Ornamental  Trees 

OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION; 

Grape  Vines,  Evergreens,  Roses  and  other  Shrubs; 
Greenhouse  and  Garden  Plants; 

SEEDS  of  my  own  growth  or  imported,  wholesale  and 
Retail. 

Garden  and  Farm  Implements  of  approved  make. 

Iron  Vases,  Settees  and  Chairs.  Every  article  war- 
ranted to  be  what  it  is  represented.  Eighteen  years 
established. 

Author  of  the  "American  Flower  Garden  Directory," 
"Rose  Manual,"  "Family  Kitchen  Gardener,"  &c. 

All  cash  orders  promptly  attended  to. 


THE 


ROSE    MANUAL; 

CONTAINING 
ACCURATE  Di:SCRIPTIONS  OF  ALL  THE  FINEST  YARIETIES 


OF 


ROSES 


PROPERLY  CLASSED  IN  THEIR  RESPECTIVE  FAMILIES, 
THEIR  CHARACTER  AND  MODE  OF  CULTURE, 


DIRECTIONS  FOR  THEIR  PROPAGATION, 

AND    THE    DESTRUCTION    OF    INSKCTS. 
WITH    ENGRAVINGS. 

Sccoji"D  HiJiifon,  tefUj  .^i"D"i3itious. 


BY   ROBERT   BUIST, 

Xr  IIS  Ell  T  MAX,    SEEDSMAV"aND     FI.OUIST, 

Aulliorof  '"The  American  Flower  Garden  Directory,"  'Family  Kitchen 
Ciardener."' &c. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

FOR  THE  AUTHOR  AND  MESSRS.  CAREY  AND  HART. 
1847. 


Entered  according  to  the  Act  of  Congress,  in  tlie  year  1844,  by 

R.  BUIST, 

in  the  Office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  for  the  Eaaterr- 

District  of  Pennsylvania. 


PniLADELPHIA: 

T.   K.   AND   P.  G.   COLLINS, 

PRINTERS. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Custom  has  made  it  the  privilege  of  authors  to 
set  forth  the  merit  and  purport  of  their  productions 
in  some  preliminary  remarks.  Of  this  privilege  I 
gladly  avail  myself,  to  disclaim  at  once  all  preten- 
sions to  the  art  of  composition. 

These  pages  owe  their  existence  merely  to  the 
repeated  demands  of  numerous  friends  and  cus- 
tomers, for  a  work  on  Roses,  simple  in  its  arrange- 
ment, and  clear  in  its  directions.  I  have  endea- 
voured to  gratify  their  wishes,  and  have  now  only  to 
hope  that  their  satisfaction  may  bear  some  propor- 
tion to  the  pleasure  I  have  found  in  the  task. 

This  volume  contains  the  result  of  twenty-three 
years'  experience  on  the  subject  of  which  it  treats, 
eighteen  of  which  have  been  as  a  nurseryman  cul- 
tivating the  largest  collection  in  the  country.  I  do 
not  wish  to  be  understood,  however,  as  arrogating 
to  myself  any  greater  share  of  knowledge  in  rose 
culture  than  can  be  acquired  by  all  practical  men. 


38424 


VI  INTRODUCTION. 


But  it  is  not  to  these  that  I  address  myself.  My 
humble  aim  has  been  to  present  to  the  inexperi- 
enced lovers  of  the  Rose,  a  guide  to  enable  them  to 
select,  cultivate,  and  propagate  their  favourite  flow- 
er. The  undertaking  has  occupied  the  greater  part 
of  my  leisure  hours  for  the  past  two  yeaiw,  during 
which  period,  observations  made  among  the  nume- 
rous collections  of  nurserymen  and  amateurs  in  this 
vicinity,  induced  me  frequently  to  alter  descriptions 
I  had  already  written,  colours  varying  to  so  great  an 
extent  in  different  soils  and  seasons. 

The  first  season  after  planting,  roses  do  not,  in 
general,  flower  in  all  the  perfection  to  which  they 
can  be  brought  after  one  or  two  years'  growth,  tak- 
ing that  time  to  become  thoroughly  established.  A 
few  of  the  new  kinds  have  bloomed  but  once  ;  a 
very  accurate  description  of  such  can  scarcely  be 
expected  ;  and  in  some  instances  it  may  hereafter 
appear  that  I  have  not  done  full  justice  to  their  real 
merit.  Amateurs  have  hitherto  found  great  diffi- 
culty in  selecting  from  the  catalogues  of  nurserymen. 
This  treatise,  we  hope,  may  be  found  of  service  in 
assisting  them  to  form  their  collections ;  and  the  in- 
dex of  names,  referring,  as  it  does,  to  the  character 
of  every  rose  mentioned  in  the  work,  will,  we  think, 
prove  especially  useful. 

Incorrectness  in  the  name  of  plants  has  long  been  a 


INTRODUCTION.  Vll 


stigma  on  commercial  gardening ;  none  can  pretend 
to  be  quite  immaculate  in  this  matter,  but  all  may 
become  still  more  careful  in  avoiding  these  inaccu- 
racies. Every  nurseryman  is  now  aware  of  the  great 
responsibility  resting  upon  him  relative  to  correct 
nomenclature,  and  no  honest  man  will  condescend 
to  contribute  in  spreading  the  practice  of  attaching 
a  false  name.  On  this  point  we  think  Philadelphia 
nurserymen  are  as  free  from  reproach  as  any  in  the 
Union,  and  I  may  be  permitted  to  add,  that  in  rose 
culture  they  are  adepts,  living,  as  they  do,  as  it 
were  in  a  very  hotbed  of  roses,  fostered  by  the 
judicious  management  of  the  Horticultural  Society, 
and  encouraged  by  the  patronage  of  the  lovers  of 
flowers,  who,  amongst  us,  are  almost  as  numerous 
as  the  dwellings  of  our  city  and  county.  It  would 
be  ungrateful  not  to  add  my  sincere  acknowledg- 
ments to  all  those  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  valu- 
able information,  and  in  an  especial  manner  to  a 
lady  amateur,  whose  valuable  services  have  fre- 
quently brightened  our  ideas.  And  finally,  let  me 
be  allowed  to  place  this  humble  offering  under  the 
patronage  of  the  Ladies,  trusting  that  their  love  of 
the  subject  will  induce  them  to  look  over  all  defi- 
ciencies in  the  manner  of  treating  it,  and  hoping 
that  the  views  and  experience  of  a  practical  man, 
honestly  given,  and  in  a  style  aiming  at  nothing  but 


PREFACE. 


As  far  as  possible,  we  have  avoided  entering  into 
detail  on  subjects  not  known  to  us,  or  to  those  in 
this  country  whose  judgment  can  be  relied  upon. 
Were  we  disposed,  it  would  be  an  easy  method  of 
attraction,  to  republish  the  volumes  of  European 
authors,  but  we  prefer  to  have  a  smaller  shadow, 
and  hope  a  better  substance  in  detailing  only  what 
is,  and  what  can  be  practised  and  relied  upon  in  this 
variable  climate.  One  deficiency,  which  all  writers 
on  the  Rose  labour  under,  is  the  want  of  a  classical 
nomenclature  ;  many  names  are  entirely  fanciful, 
without  derivation  or  application ;  catalogues  can- 
not generally  be  depended  upon,  either  in  name 
or  description ;  even  those  who  know  and  do  all 
things  more  perfectly  than  others,  frequently  fall  into 
anomalies  of  the  most  outre  character.  However, 
this  does  not  detract  from  the  beautiful  new  varieties 
that  we  have  brought  to  the  notice  of  our  readers, 
and  whoever  of  them  visits  the  ^^  City  of  Love," 
bedded  in  roses,  will  find  that  its  Florists,  Ama- 
teurs, and  devoted  cultivators  are  in  the  advance,  or 
at  least  not  in  the  rear  of  any  people,,  or  portion  of 
the  United  States,  in  the  knowledge,  culture,  and 
possession  of  this  Queen  of  Flowers. 

Robert  Buist. 

Phuadelphia,  1847. 


CONTENTS. 


Rosa  Alpina, 

The  Boursault  Rose,      -  -  -  -  -       13 

Rosa  Sempervirests, 

The  Evergreen  Rose,    -  -  -  -  -       15 

Rosa  Banksiaxa, 

The  Lady  Banks  Rose,  -  -  -  -        18 

Rosa  Multiflora. 

The  Multiflora  Rose,     -  -  -  -  -       20 

HxDRiD  Climbing  Roses,  -  -  -  -  -       23 

Rosa  Rubifolia, 

The  Prairie  Rose,  -  -  -  -  -       27 

Rosa  Rubiginosa, 

The  Sweet  Briar,  -  *  -  -  -       33 

Rosa  Lutea, 

The  Yellow  Austrian  Rose,       -  -  -  -       36 

Rosa  Spiijosissima, 

The  Scotch,  or  Biunet  Rose,      -  -  -  -       39 

Rosa  Centifolia, 

The  Provins,  or  Cabbage  Rose,  -  -  -       41 

Rosa  Centifolia  Muscosa, 

The  Moss  Rose,  -  -  -  -  -       44 

Rosa  Gailica, 

The  Rose  of  France,     -  -  -  -  -       50 

Striped,  Spotted,  axd  Marbled  Roses,    -  -  -       57 

Rosa  Alba, 

The  White  Garden  Rose,  -  -  -  -       61 

Rosa  Damascena, 

The  Damask  Rose,        -  -  -  -  -63 


Xll  CONTENTS. 


Htdrib  Chinese  Roses,      -             -             -             -  -  65 

Plantikg,                  -             -             -             -             •  -  75 

Growing  Roses  from  Sees,             -             -             -  -  77 

Propagation  of  Garden  or  June  Roses,                -  -  81 

Propagation  bt  Budding,                -             -             -  -  84 

Propagation  bt  Graft*ing,            -             -             -  -  88 

Noisette  Roses,      -             -             -             -             -  -  91 

Rosa  Indica  Odorata, 

The  Tea  Scented  Rose,              -             •             -  -  109 

Rosa  Indica, 

The  Bengal  Chinese,  or  Daily  Rose,      -             -  -  125 

Rosa  Lawrenciana, 

The  Miniature  Rose,     ....  -  138 

Rosa  Bourboniana, 

The  Bourbon  Rose,        -             -             -             -  -  140 

Remontantes, 

Or,  Hybrid  Peipetual  Rose,       -             -             -  -  153 

Perpetual  Damask  Rose,                ....  160 

Rosa  Microphti.la, 

Or,  Small  Leaved  Rose,              -             -             -  -  168 

Rosa  Moschata, 

Musk  Scented  Rose,      -             -             -             -  -  172 

Cultivation  of  Roses  in  Pots,     -             -             -  -  174 

L1Q.UID  Manure,      --«--.  176 

Poudrette,               -             -             -             -             -  -  176 

Guano,          .......  176 

Insects  injurious  to  the  Rose,    -             -             -  -  177 

Mildew  on  the  Rose,         .             .             -             .  .  178 

Propagation  of  Roses  that  bloom  the  whole  season,  179 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 


ROSA    ALPINA 


THE  BOURSATTLT  HOSE. 


This  tribe  takes  its  name  from  the  late  Mons. 
Boursault,  a  distinguished  French  amateur  horti- 
culturist. They  are  the  hardiest  of  the  climbing 
roses — easily  known  by  their  long  flexible  shoots, 
of  a  reddish-purple  colour,  and  withstanding  with 
impunity  the  severest  of  our  winters,  flowering  pro- 
fusely early  in  the  season  ;  they  may  well  be  termed 
the  harbingers  of  the  rosary.  They  are  well  adapt- 
ed for  covering  arbours  or  concealing  outbuildings, 
walls,  or  any  other  disagreeable  objects.  They  are 
also  frequently  cultivated  for  stocks,  whereon  to  bud 
other  roses  of  more  rare  character,  which  purpose 
they  will  answer  very  well;  though  a  plant  thus 
formed  renders  its  durability  uncertain,  being  very 
liable  to  sucker ,  or  throw  out  shoots  from  the  ground,, 
thereby  taking  away  nourishment  from  the  part  of 
2  , 

h,  C.  State   Ccllegt 


14  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

the  plant  which  most  requires  it ;  of  course,  all  suck- 
ers or  shoots  below  the  bud  or  graft  must  be  dis- 
placed. It  was  introduced  in  1829-30.  The  fol- 
lowing sorts  are  most  worthy  of  notice. 

Amadis  or  Elegans  are  the  same;  of  rapid 
growth,  makes  a  most  magnificent  pyramid  of  rich 
purple  crimson ;  the  flowers  are  produced  in  clus- 
ters, are  perfectly  double,  and  of  considerable  dura- 
tion. White  Boursault,  Blush,  Bengal,  Florida, 
Rose  de  Lisle,  the  same  rose,  known  under  all  these, 
and  even  some  other  names ;  the  flowers  are  very 
large,  of  a  blush  colour,  with  a  deep  pink  centre, 
pendulous,  and  very  showy,  but  occasionally  do  not 
open  w^ell.  Gracilis,  is  of  slender  growth,  with 
bright  pink  flowers,  not  fully  double,  but  very  pro- 
fuse, hiermis,  has  large  bright  pink  flowers,  in 
great  profusion ;  grows  rapidly,  and  is  rendered  the 
more  desirable  by  having  a  little  fragi-ance,  of  which, 
with  this  exception,  this  group  are  entirely  destitute. 
Purpurea,  purple  crimson  flowers,  little  more  than 
half  double;  it  is  the  most  common  of  the  tribe, 
and  has  been  extensively  cultivated  and  sold  under 
the  name  of  Purple  Noisette,  Maheka,  Michigan, 
&c.,  and  is  cultivated  and  sold  from  the  flat  boats 
on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  rivers  under  all  these 
and  several  other  names;  compared  with  the  pre- 
ceding sorts,  it  is  not  worth  culture.     Red  or  Pink 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  15 

is  the  oldest  variety,  with  flowers  only  semidouble ; 
the  colour  is  pretty,  and  its  profusion,  at  a  distance, 
makes  up  for  deficiency  of  petals.  The  species  Rosa 
Alpina  is  a  native  of  the  Alps,  where  its  scrubby 
habit  has  little  affinity  to  the  rampant  growers  now 
described.  They  should  have,  wherever  planted, 
plenty  of  space  allotted  for  them;  for  after  being 
one  or  two  years  established,  they  will  make  shoots 
ten  to  twelve  feet  long.  In  pruning,  the  oldest 
w^ood  should  be  cut  out,  merely  to  keep  the  branches 
from  being  too  crowded :  the  flowers  are  produced 
from  the  wood  of  the  preceding  year.  They  will 
grow  freely  in  any  soil  or  situation,  and  will  bear 
with  impunity  the  severest  winters  of  the  northern 
states. 


ROSA  SEMPERVIRENS. 
THE  evehgreex  rose. 

This  rose  and  its  varieties,  although  very  popu- 
lar in  France  and  England,  lose  much  of  the  cha- 
racter implied  by  the  name  when  cultivated  in  this 
part  of  the  United  States,  where  they  become  de- 
ciduous,  losing  their  foliage   on  the    approach    of 


16  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 


severe  frost.  But  in  the  more  favoured  southern 
climes,  they  retain  it  during  winter,  and  there  grow 
and  bloom  in  profuse  wreaths  or  garlands,  making 
them  objects  of  great  attraction  in  their  season. 
They  are  in  colour  generally  pale,  making  a  de- 
cided contrast  with  the  Boursault  family.  They 
grow  rapidly,  and  are  well  adapted  for  arches, 
grottos,  rockwork,  pillars,  or  trellises.  The  foliage 
is  of  a  peculiarly  bright  shining  green.  Adelaide 
d^  Orleans  has  flowers  of  a  pale  rosy  blush,  very 
double  and  perfectly  formed,  in  large  clusters, 
valuable  for  blooming  later  than  any  of  what  are 
termed  June  Roses.  Donna  Maria,  and  Princess 
Maria,  appear  to  be  the  same,  or  so  nearly  alike, 
that  a  distinction  cannot  be  even  faintly  drawn. 
Flowers  nearly  white.  FeHcite  Perpeiuelle  has  been 
recognized  under  many  names  in  Europe,  but  it  is 
believed  to  be  pure  here :  it  is  a  very  perfect  rose, 
beautifully  cupped,  of  a  creamy-white  colour,  and 
when  well  grown  makes  a  magnificent  pyramid. 
Myriantlies  is  of  the  most  regular  form,  being  very 
double,  and  imbricated  to  the  centre;  a  plant 
covered  with  its  delicate  rosy-coloured  flowers  is  a 
charming  object.  It  has  been  sold  (as  its  name 
imports)  as  a  Noisette,  blooming  all  the  season,  a 
character  which  it  never  merited,  never  had,  and 
never    will    have.       Sempervirens  Pleno,    a    pure 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  17 

white,  is  our  oldest  variety,  perfectly  double,  and 
a  very  desirable  rose ;  it  is  the  parent  of  Noisette 
Aimee  Vibert,  an  association  which  will  long  pre- 
serve it  from  oblivion.  Triomphe  de  Bollwiller,  is 
a  superb  blush-white  rose,  very  large,  very  double, 
in  great  clusters,  and  agreeably  fragrant;  in  the 
south  it  is  surprisingly  fine,  but  with  us  it  is  rather 
tender.  When  this  rose  first  made  its  appearance 
in  France,  it  came  out  as  the  most  beautiful  of  the 
"Teas;"  after  its  more  general  cultivation  it  was 
placed  among  the  Noisettes ;  it  now  falls  back  to 
those  sorts  that  only  bloom  once,  where  it  is  now 
distinguished  under  the  name  of  Sempervirens  odo- 
rata.  After  fourteen  years'  travel  through  the 
French  catalogue  it  is  now  set  down  where  it 
should  have  been  placed  at  first,  a  situation  given 
to  it  by  me  four  years  ago.  There  are  several  other 
varieties  of  Rosa  Sempervirens,  but  none  of  suffi- 
cient interest  or  distinction  from  the  above  to  claim 
any  detailed  notice.  In  the  southern  states,  this 
family,  associated  with  Rosa  Laevigata  or  Georgia 
Evergreen  Rose^  would  make  a  very  splendid  group 
for  covering  fences,  embankments,  or  any  other  ob- 
ject where  a  continual  foliage  was  desirable;  they 
require  very  little  pruning,  and  would  soon  cover  a 
large  space.  They  could  be  propagated  by  layering 
to  any  extent;  any  good  soil  will  suit  their  growth. 


18  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 


They  could  also  be  used  for  covering  the  naked 
stems  of  trees  with  great  advantage,  in  an  orna- 
mental point  of  view ;  if  used  for  such  a  purpose 
they  will  require  a  portion  of  manure  dug  into  the 
ground  about  their  roots  every  winter.  In  pruning, 
the  wood  of  several  years  old  should  be  cut  out, 
only  laying  in  the  young  shoots  their  full  length ; 
these  shoots  can  be  turned  and  twisted  in  any  di- 
rection; although  it  is  decidedly  best  to  lay  them  in 
straight  and  equal. 


ROSA    BANKSIANA, 


THE  LADY  BANKS  HOSE. 


When  this  rose  first  made  its  appearance  in  the 
time  of  Sir  Joseph  Banks,  it  w^as  hailed  with  the 
greatest  rapture  by  every  lover  of  the  tribe,  and  it 
was  instantly  complimented  with  the  name  of  his 
lady.  It  is  the  states  south  of  this  where  it  must 
be  seen  to  be  pronounced  the  most  graceful,  luxu- 
riant, and  beautiful  of  roses ;  there  it  is  a  perfect 
evergreen,  covering  the  ends,  fronts,  and,  in  some 
instances,   the    entire   dwellings   of  many   of  the 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  19 

inhabitants,  who  name  it  the  ''Evergreen  Multi- 
floral  To  us,  the  beauty  of  the  plant  is  nearly- 
lost,  being  too  tender  for  planting  in  the  garden;* 
when  grown  in  the  greenhouse,  its  beauty  and  luxu- 
riance almost  disappear.  This  thornless  rose  is  so 
perfectly  double  that  it  rarely  produces  seed.  Al- 
though many  European  growers  recognize  and  sell 
several  varieties  of  Banksia  Roses,  yet  there  are 
only  two,  in  our  opinion,  that  deserve  attention; 
the  others  are  hybrids,  mere  misnomers.  One  cata- 
logue offers  twenty-one  varieties,  all  beautifully 
named,  our  goodly  city  being  complimented  by 
Philadelphica  having  a  place  in  the  list.  The 
flowers  are  produced  on  the  small  twiggy  branches, 
hence  it  is  important  to  divest  the  plants  of  any  long 
rampant  growth  that  it  may  set  forth,  unless  it  is 
required  to  lay  in  to  fill  up  any  vacancy.  The 
White  Banksian  Rose  has  flowers  little  more  than 
half  an  inch  in  diameter,  which  are  of  the  purest 
white,  with  a  delicate  pink  centre  of  a  very  de- 
lightful violet  perfume,  and  are  produced  in  a  pro- 
fusion of  small  clusters.  The  Yellow  Banksian 
Rose  has  pale  yellow,  or  straw-coloured  flowers,  in 
size  rather  larger  than  the  white,  being  perfectly 

*  Though  in  some  very  shehered  situations  in  this  city  we 
have  seen  plants  covering  a  space  of  forty  feet,  and  producing  thou- 
sands of  flowers. 


20  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 


imbricated,  and  really  gems  of  beauty,  but  without 
odour ;  if  either  this  or  the  white  were  to  be  seen 
apart  from  the  plant,  by  the  inexperienced,  they 
would  never  be  taken  for  a  rose,  so  unlike  are  they 
to  any  of  the  tribe.  Travelers  inform  us  that  these 
roses  are  cultivated  in  China,  under  the  name  of 
Wongmoue-heong,  where  a  pink  variety  has  been 
seen,  for  which  as  yet  we  have  longed  in  vain ;  but 
it  may  now  be  confidently  expected,  from  the  many 
Horticultural  expeditions  at  present  engaged  in 
exploring  that  hitherto  sealed  country. 


ROSA     MULTIFLORA. 

THE  MULTIFLORA  ROSE 

Is  a  native  of  Japan,  and  is  consequently  more 
hardy  than  the  preceding  family.  Its  name  is  as 
familiar  to  the  ear  as  that  of  the  rose  itself.  It  was 
among  the  first  that  ever  had  any  celebrity  in  this 
vicinity,  and  I  have  no  doubt  of  its  having  been 
cultivated  in  this  country  thirty  years  ago.  In  dry 
soils  it  is  tolerably  hardy,  and  south  of  this  per- 
fectly so.  The  flowers  are  produced  in  such  pro- 
fusion that  it  has  often  received  the  cognomen  of 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  21 

iv7'eath-rose.  The  treatment  and  pruning  may  be 
the  same  as  recommended  for  Rosa  Sempervirens. 
Several  varieties  have  been  produced  from  it,  which 
in  some  instances  rivaled  the  original.  Alha  is  a 
blush  white,  in  every  character  similar  to  the  fol- 
lowing, except  in  colour.  Multiflora  is  the  name 
of  the  oldest  cultivated  sort.  The  flowers  are  per- 
fectly double,  cupped  shape,  produced  in  clusters 
of  a  pretty  pink  colour,  about  an  inch  in  diameter. 
When  first  brought  into  notice  about  Philadelphia, 
it  is  said  that  twenty  dollars  were  frequently  given 
for  a  single  plant.  Floriculture  has  now  more 
patronage,  and  thousands  of  admirers,  so  that  the 
grower  can  afford  to  put  every  article  at  a  very  low 
rate ;  indeed  many  roses,  and  even  the  one  in  ques- 
tion, can  be  purchased  for  as  many  cents,  so  that 
for  this  trifle  every  garden  in  the  land  may  have 
a  rose.  Grevillia,  or  Seven  Sisters,  was  at  one 
period  greatly  esteemed  and  admired  for  its  variety 
of  character;  although  its  singulaiity  is  still  the 
same,  yet  its  former  admirers  have  transferred  their 
encomiums  to  other  more  beautiful  sorts.  It  is  a 
fine  grower,  producing  its  flowers  in  large  clusters, 
not  two  of  w^hich  are  alike ;  opening  of  every 
shade,  from  pure  white  to  deep  purple.  Indeed 
this  rose  has  no  compeer;  it  produces  its  flowers 
single,  semidouble,  and  double,  and  in  such  variety 


22  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

of  shade  and  colour,  that  there  are  rarely  two  alike. 
An  east  or  northeast  situation  suits  it  best ;  other- 
wise the  effect  of  its  variety  is  greatly  diminished 
by  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun.  It  requires  a  dry 
sheltered  spot.  Laure  Davoust  is  the  climax  of 
perfection  in  this  family;  with  all  the  aid  of  the 
imagination  its  beauty  on  a  well  grown  plant  can- 
not be  pictured.  The  flowers  are  of  various  shades 
of  colour,  from  white  to  a  lovely  deep  pink,  perfect 
in  form;  the  clusters  are  immense,  and  produced 
from  almost  every  eye  of  the  strong  w^ood  of  the 
preceding  year;  it  is  of  very  strong  growth,  making 
shoots  of  twenty  feet  in  one  season,  with  very  lux- 
uriant foliage,  and  is  more  hardy  than  the  three 
former.  For  covering  outbuildings,  verandas,  co- 
lumns, temples,  &c.,  it  has  no  superior.  Russel- 
lianay  Scarlet  Grevillia,  Russell's  Cottage  Rose, 
Cottage  Rose,  and  I  believe  it  is  sold  under  some 
other  titles  besides,  is  considerably  hybridized,  but 
not  so  as  to  lose  its  character  as  a  pillar  rose.  I  have 
pillars  of  it  twenty  feet  high,  forming,  during  the 
month  of  June,  a  very  attractive  object,  having  a 
profusion  of  flowers  of  the  richest  shades  of  crimson ; 
many  of  them  being  striped  with  white.  From  the 
base  to  the  pinnacle  it  is  one  mass  of  glowing  beauty. 
Perfectly  hardy  in  our  coldest  latitudes,  it  has  large 
rich    green   foliage,    very    distinctly    and    deeply 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  23 

nerved,  the  shoots  are  strong  and  erect,  and  will 
grow  freely  in  any  soil  or  situation.  The  old 
shoots  only  should  be  thinned  out ;  the  young 
wood  ought  never  to  be  shortened  unless  locality 
demands  it.  The  same  style  of  pruning  will  apply 
to  all  the  varieties  of  the  Multiflora.  This  opera- 
tion should  be  performed  early  in  the  spring,  before 
the  buds  swell,  but  never  when  the  wood  is  in  a 
frozen  state.  In  more  southern  climates  pruning 
can  be  done  at  any  period,  from  December  to 
January;  but  in  the  middle  and  eastern  states  it 
should  be  undertaken  as  soon  as  frost  is  out  of  the 
wood,  in  February  or  March,  and  the  plants  tied 
or  nailed  at  once  to  their  respective  supports.  Mul- 
tiflora Graulhie  is  the  only  pure  white  of  this  group. 
I  have  seen  the  flowers  perfectly  double,  rather 
larger  than  the  common  variety:  a  very  strong 
grower  and  blooms  freely. 


HYBRID  CLIMBING  ROSES. 


Under  this  head  I  have  to  place  several  sorts 
that  have  made  their  appearance,  partaking  of  the 
habits  of  other  families,  but  which,  notwithstand- 


24  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 


ing,  cannot  be  properly  classed  with  them.  It  is 
always  a  difficult  point  to  decide  on  the  connecting 
link  between  the  various  species  and  varieties  of 
the  rose ;  they  have  now  become  so  numerous  by 
hybridization,  sports,  and  other  speculative  features, 
that  in  many  instances  there  is  doubt  where  to 
place  many  choice  sorts  that  are  almost  yearly 
brought  to  our  notice.  I  will,  however,  in  no  in- 
stance, follow  the  path  of  others,  merely  because 
the  track  is  made,  but  will,  from  observation,  make 
all  my  own  assertions,  and  give  my  own  views, 
trusting  that  my  readers  will  make  allowances  for 
soil,  climate,  and  a  difference  of  opinion  on  all 
subjects. 

Garland  is  a  pretty  white,  producing  its  flowers 
in  clusters,  containing  frequently  from  seventy-five 
to  one  hundred,  forming  a  conical  corymb  of  about 
sixteen  inches  in  diameter,  the  whole  plant  appear- 
ing in  the  distance  like  a  pagoda  of  snow  inter- 
spersed with  foliage  of  the  brightest  green;  the 
growth  is  very  rapid,  making  ten  to  twenty  feet  in 
a  season.  Madame  d^Arhlay,  or  Wells'  White 
Climber,  has  been  highly  extolled ;  in  growth  it  is 
the  giant  of  climbers,  for  strength  and  rapidity  ex- 
celling any  that  I  have  seen;  the  foliage  is  also 
very  strong,  partaking,  in  that  respect,  of  the 
Bourbon  family.     Its  flowers  are  pure  white,  like 


■M.  €    State  €  silent 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  25 

the  preceding,  and  produced  in  very  large  bunches. 
It  is  of  a  very  hardy  nature,  and  will  withstand 
severe  cold  without  being  the  least  affected.  For 
covering  arches,  arbours,  or  such  erections,  it  has 
no  equal;  there  is  no  doubt  of  its  also  being  an 
excellent  variety  to  propagate  for  stocks  whereon 
to  bud  or  graft  the  finer  sorts  of  Bengal,  Tea,  or 
Bourbon  Roses,  having  no  appearance  of  being 
liable  to  sucker  from  the  root. 

Ruse  Blanche,  or  Bengalensis  Scandens,  is  ap- 
parently a  hybrid  between  some  of  the  Semper- 
virens  and  Tea  family;  its  very  large  flowers, 
about  three  and  a  half  inches  in  diameter,  perfectly 
double,  of  a  waxy  blush  color  delicately  suffused 
with  white,  are  objects  of  great  attraction,  and 
admired  wherever  seen;  it  is  moreover  a  very 
early  rose.  Whoever  has  visited  the  celebrated 
Bartram  Garden,  near  this  city,  about  the  end  of 
May  or  first  of  June,  must  have  been  struck  with 
its  beauty  there,  spreading  nearly  over  the  whole 
side  of  the  dwelling,  and  covered  with  thousands 
of  pendulous  blushing  beauties.  The  variety  of 
names  under  which  it  is  cultivated  (even  by  indi- 
viduals that  ought  to  see  better)  is  really  amusing. 
Rose  and  White  Noisette,  Striped  Noisette,  Indica 
Major,  Walton  Climber,  a  new  rose  from  Natchez, 
and  some  others,  of  which  I  have  no  note.  Ruga, 
3 


26  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

or  Tea  Scented  Ayrshire,  is  evidently  a  variety 
between  the  Tea  Rose  and  the  celebrated  Ayrshire 
Rose,  having  the  growth  and  habit  of  the  latter, 
with  a  considerable  portion  of  the  delightful  fra- 
grance of  the  former;  it  is  of  the  most  delicate 
blush  colour,  and  tolerably  double ;  a  profuse  bloom- 
er, and  seeds  freely.  It  does  well  as  a  pillar 
Rose,  but  has  not  wood  nor  foliage  sufficient  for 
covering  walls  or  arbours.  Astrolabe,  Elegans, 
Hybrida,  and  some  others  of  this  class,  are  not 
worth  attention;  all  these  roses  bloom  only  once  in 
the  season,  but  are  of  considerable  duration,  say  six 
weeks  in  cool  seasons,  but  if  in  severe  heat,  their 
time  of  inflorescence  wdll  not  exceed  one  month. 
The  pruning  and  training  recommended  for  Rosa 
Sempervirens  will  suit  these.  They  are  all  fragrant, 
and  a  rosary  cannot  be  complete  without  them.  To 
grow  them  in  perfection,  they  require  rich  ground 
on  a  dry  bottom ;  in  such  a  situation,  after  being 
well-established,  they  will  make  shoots  twenty  feet 
long  in  one  season. 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  27 


ROSA   RUBIFOLIA 


THE  PRAIHIE  ROSE. 


This  native  is  destined  to  convey  to  every  hall, 
cottage,  and  wigwam  of  the  Union,  the  Rose,  the 
acknowledged  queen  of  flowers.  Its  constitution 
is  such  that  it  will  bear  without  injury  the  icy 
breezes  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  or  the  melting  va- 
pours of  the  Mississippi.  It  was  in  1837  that  we 
first  saw  a  double  variety  of  this  rose,  although 
such  has  been  cultivated  in  Ohio  and  Kentucky  for 
many  years.  The  flowers  are  produced  in  large 
clusters  of  various  shades  of  colour  from  blush  to 
deep  rose,  blooming  with  us  from  the  end  of  June 
to  the  end  of  July,  being  a  period  of  the  year  when 
there  are  few  others  in  a  flowering  state,  thereby 
filling  up  a  space  between  the  first  and  second 
blooming  of  the  Noisette,  Tea,  and  Bourbon  fami- 
lies. The  foliage  is  rough,  large,  and  generally 
of  a  dark  green;  the  wood  is  strong  and  flexible, 
and  for  rapidity  of  growth  has  no  equal.  I  have 
no  doubt  that  in  good  soil  it  would  reach  one  hun- 
dred feet  in  a  very  few  years.  It  is  admirably 
adapted  for   covering  rock  work,  old  buildings,  or 


28  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

any  other  object  requiring  to  be  hid;  it  also  delights 
in  a  procumbent  position,  and  can  be  used  for 
covering  naked  spaces  of  rough  ground,  or  even  to 
make  a  flowery  carpet  of  every  shade  of  colour. 
For  the  following  varieties  we  are  indebted  to  Mr. 
Samuel  Feast,  Nurseryman,  Baltimore,  who  raised 
them  from  seeds  of  the  native  Prairie  Rose.  There 
is  not  a  rose  fancier  but  will  thank  him  for  opening 
a  field  for  the  hybridizer,  in  which  the  rose  is  to  be 
cultivated  to  admiration,  and  blooming  six  months 
of  the  year,  throughout  every  state  of  the  Union. 
These  roses  will  form  parents  to  be  impregnated 
with  the  more  fragrant  blooming  sorts,  such  as 
Bourbon,  Tea,  Bengal  and  Noisette.  We  may 
therefore  expect  from  them  a  progeny  perfectly 
hardy,  and  blooming  at  least  three  or  four  times 
during  the  season.  In  general,  rose  growing  is 
confined  to  latitudes  south  of  41°;  the  Chinese  va- 
rieties, and  their  hybrids,  that  bloom  constantly, 
being  too  tender  to  bear  winter  exposure  north  of 
that  line.  When  we  can  produce  perpetual  bloom- 
ing hybrids  from  this  Rosa  Rubifolia,  they  will  with- 
stand every  variety  of  climate,  and  perhaps  may 
some  day  be  seen  covering  the  frozen  hut  of  the 
Esquimaux.  Baltimore  Belle  is  a  pale  waxy  blush, 
fading  to  nearly  white,  produces  a  profusion  of  very 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  29 

compact  and  perfectly  double  flowers  in  clusters  of 
six  to  twelve,  very  splendid. 

Beauty  of  the  Prairies,  or  Queen  of  the  Prai- 
ries, Mr.  Feast's  No.  1,  is  certainly  the  best  of  the 
group,  having  very  large  rose-coloured  flowers 
three  inches  in  diameter,  frequently  showing  a 
stripe  of  white  in  the  centre  of  each  petal.  They 
are  produced  in  clusters,  in  which  they  always 
appear  cup-shaped,  and  stand  for  several  days 
without  being  affected  by  our  scorching  sun. 
Its  foliage  is  very  large,  of  a  dark  green,  wood 
strong  and  of  luxuriant  growth;  its  blooming  suc- 
ceeds to  that  of  the  Garden  or  June  Rose,  and  is 
the  link  connecting  its  congeners  with  that  family. 
Pallida,  very  pale  blush,  perfectly  double;  this  rose 
appears  to  bloom  finest  when  lying  on  the  ground ; 
in  such  a  position  it  forms  a  solid  mass  of  flowers 
and  pale  green  foliage.  Perpetual  Michigan,  very 
double,  rosy  purple  flower,  quite  flat ;  this  and  the 
following  variety  have  a  tendency  to  bloom  a  second 
time  when  under  exciting  culture.  Superba,  deli- 
cate blush  of  very  perfect  cup-shape,  blooming  in 
fine  clusters,  and  though  very  similar  to  Pallida, 
is  distinguished  from  it  by  having  more  pink  colour 
in  the  centre.  It  makes  an  elegant  pillar  rose.  The 
above  sorts  are  so  very  double,  that  they  seldom 
produce  seed  even  by  artificial  aid.  The  variety 
3* 


30  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

called  Elegans,  which  is  generally  grown  in  Ohio 
and  Kentucky,  and  in  some  places  called  Chili- 
cothe  Multiflora,  has  been  cultivated  here  for  many 
years ;  it  is  not  so  double,  of  a  pink  colour,  seeds 
more  freely,  and  when  hybridized  by  the  Perpetual 
and  Chinese  Roses,  will  give,  no  doubt,  many  vari- 
eties. JYevia,  white,  very  double,  a  profuse  bloomer 
and  strong  grower.  Madam  Caradori  Allan,  since 
our  first  Edition,  a  large  pink  semi-double  rose,  has 
been  sent  out  under  this  name ;  it  is  quite  a  showy 
variety.  There  have  been  many  others  sent  forth 
with  glowing  names  and  brighter  colours.*    I  have 

*  The  following  varieties  have  been  grown  from  seed  by  Mr. 
Joshua  Pierce,  Nurseryman,  Washington  city.  The  numbers  are 
those  he  cultivates  them  uiider,  the  descriptions  from  notes  sent 
me  by  Mr.  Pierce,  who  has  placed  every  lover  of  this  flower  with 
myself,  under  many  obligations  for  this  great  acquisition  to  this 
family  of  climbing  roses. 
No.  1.  Pride  of  Washington — fine  rosy  lilac. 

2.  Anne  Maria — light  rose,  very  double. 

3.  Eva  Corinne — light  blush,  extra  double,  very  large. 

4.  Mrs.  Pierce — finest  flower  of  all  the  family. 

5.  Ranunculiflora — blush  Ranunculus  formed. 
7.  Mrs.  Hovey — fine  white. 

10.  Triumphant — rosy  purple,  very  double,  short-thick  bud, 

11.  Linnaean  Hill  Beauty — light  rosy  blush,  long  bud,  late. 

12.  Jane — light  rosy  lilac,  very  double  and  beautiful. 

It  will  be  observed,  that  we  still  want  bright  red  and  dark 
crimson  varieties. 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  31 

bloomed  hundreds  from  seedlings  that  gave  the 
greatest  promise,  but  none  of  them  equal  to  those 
above  described,  and  I  do  nut  like  the  idea  of  retro- 
grading where  there  is  svuh.  a  field  for  advancing. 
They  are  all  very  easily  propagated  by  layering  in 
July ;  give  the  shoot  of  the  present  year's  growth  a 
twist,  and  then  bury  the  twisted  part  six  inches 
under  ground ;  in  November,  it  will  be  well  rooted, 
and  can  then  be  cut  off  and  transplanted  in  any 
desired  situation  ;  tho  tasteful  husbandman  may  thus 
cover  every  unsightly  fence  rail. 

Having  briefly  disposed  of  the  tribes  of  Climbing 
Roses,  that  bloom  only  once  in  the  season,  a  few 
hints  on  their  general  culture  will  be  in  place. 

They  will  grow  luxuriantly  on  any  aspect  or  situa- 
tion, provided  they  are  not  entirely  shaded  by  trees 
over  head.  1  he  roots  of  trees  and  plants  generally 
are  of  a  growth  proportionate  to  that  of  their  branch- 
es; from  this  data,  and  experience  proves  it,  we 
find  that  ro  ies  of  strong  growth  make  strong  roots, 
striking  d(  ep  into  the  soil,  and  extending  horizon- 
tally in  quest  of  food  to  a  surprising  length ;  they 
require  a  rich  soil,  which,  before  planting,  should  be 
well  pulverized  and  freely  broken;  it  should  be  of 
a  character  inclining  more  to  sand  than  clay ;  if  the 
latter  predominate  it  must  be  well  incorporated  with 
sand  and  old  manure  until  it  becomes  of  a  friable 


32  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

nature.  With  two  feet  depth  of  such  a  soil,  they 
will  grow  many  years,  and  bloom  profusely.  When 
any  decline  is  observed,  it  will  indicate  that  they 
are  in  want  of  nourishment,  which  can  easily  be 
supplied  by  digging  in  about  their  roots  three  or  four 
inches  thick  of  manure  or  rich  compost.  For  such 
an  operation  the  month  of  November  to  early  in 
spring  is  the  best  period  of  the  year.  Wherever 
their  situation  may  be,  all  the  pruning  they  require 
is  merely  to  thin  out  the  wood  where  it  is  too  crowd- 
ed, and  to  keep  it  within  bounds.  I  have  seen  fine 
plants  of  many  of  the  roses  now  described  totally 
ruined  for  one  year  by  the  free  use  of  the  knife. 

Where  manure  cannot  be  conveniently  obtained, 
fresh  soil  from  the  woods  or  rich  grounds  will  be  of 
great  service ;  an  occasional  watering  with  soap 
suds  is  also  very  beneficial  to  the  rose.  In  city 
gardens  we  have  often  seen  a  few  inches  of  very 
common  poor  soil  thrown  over  clay,  old  bricks, 
lime  rubbish,  &c.,  whereon  roses  were  planted,  and 
grew  well  the  first  season,  but  the  following  they 
made  barely  sufficient  wood  and  foliage  to  keep 
them  green ;  the  result  was  unsatisfactory,  and  the 
fault  laid  to  the  rose ;  w^hereas  the  whole  fault  was 
in  the  preparation  of  the  ground.  "  Anything  that 
is  worth  doing  at  all,  is  worth  doing  well,"  is  a 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  33 

maxim  always  to  be  kept  in  mind  in  all  gardening 
operations. 

Sparta,  a  new  variety  said  to  have  come  up  in 
the  vicinity  of  a  Boursault  Rose,  is  evidently  a  Prairie 
Rose ;  from  the  authority  of  Mr.  Briell,  of  Jersey  City, 
"  is  a  hardy,  strong  growing  rose,  flowers  in  large 
clusters,  very  double,  about  the  size  of  half  a  dol- 
lar, dark  crimson."  If  such  is  its  character,  it  is  a 
valuable  addition  to  this  family. 


ROSA    RUBIGINOSA. 

THE  SWEET  BRIER. 

The  Eglantine  has  been  the  theme  of  poets  and 
lovers  for  many  centuries.  It  is  to  be  found  in  sou.e 
sort  growing  wild  in  many  parts  of  both  hemispheres. 
To  the  flower  there  is  no  special  beauty  attached, 
being  a  very  simple-looking  single  pink  blossom. 
Although  there  may  be  great  beauty  in  simpli<ity, 
yet  to  admirers  of  the  rose,  singleness  is  at  one  e  an 
objection.  The  odour  emitted  by  the  plant  after  a 
shower,  or  when  fresh  with  the  dews  of  evening  and 
morning,  is  certainly  very  grateful,  and  even  deli- 
cious.   Wherever  there  is  a  hedge  to  be  planted,  it 


34  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

should  have  a  few  plants  of  the  sweet  brier  inter- 
spersed ;  it  bears  clipping  well,  and  even  a  hedge 
of  itself  would  prove  a  garden  ornament  rarely 
equalled,  being  of  a  lively  green,  and  its  many  asso- 
ciations will  make  it  always  pleasing.  To  keep  it 
within  bounds,  it  can  be  freely  clipped  or  sheared 
twice  a  year,  and  should  not  be  allowed  to  get  over 
four  feet  high.  The  plant  grows  in  many  of  our 
woods,  and  is  described  by  some  American  botanists, 
although  others  consider  it  to  be  an  acclimated  fo- 
reigner; be  that  as  it  may,  its  fragrance  and  quali- 
ties are  the  same,  and  familiar  to  all.  Growers  and 
sellers  have  taken  the  advantage  either  by  hybrid- 
izing or  natural  appearance,  and  have  introduced 
to  our  notice  Double  Yellow  Sweet  Briers^  Double 
White  Sweet  Briei's,  Double  Red  Sweet  BHers,  Celes- 
tial Sweet  Briers,  Double  Striped  Sweet  Briers,  and 
what  will  come  next  cannot  be  divined.  Some  of 
these  are  certainly  well  worth  attention,  and  others 
are  about  as  much  like  a  raspberry  bush  as  a  sweet 
brier.  How^ever,  the  following  may  be  cultivated, 
observing  that  they  have  none  of  the  climbing  cha- 
racter of  the  original.  Celestial,  very  pale  blush, 
approaching  to  white ;  flowers  small  and  double ; 
foliage  small,  and  has  a  little  of  the  spicy  odour  so 
agreeable  in  the  original.  It  appears  to  be  a  hybrid, 
between  the  Eglantine  and  the  Scotch  Rose.     Rose 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  35 


Angle  has  bright  rosy  red  flowers,  quite  double, 
grows  freely;  foliage  stronger  than  the  preced- 
ing, and  equally  as  fragrant.  Double  Red,  or 
Double  Scarlet,  has  a  stiff  strong  habit,  with  very 
large  dark  green  foliage ;  flowers  of  a  dark  rosy  red 
colour,  quite  large  and  perfectly  double ;  its  habit 
is  quite  dwarf  and  stiff.  Double  White  Hip,  or 
Sweet  Brier;  this  is  too  different  from  the  original  to 
be  classed  with  it ;  they  are,  however,  remotely  con- 
nected. The  growth  is  very  strong;  we  have  plants 
seven  feet  high,  making  a  very  superb  pillar;  the 
foliage  is  large,  of  a  pale  silvery  green;  the  flowers 
are  very  perfectly  cupped,  of  a  rose-white  colour. 
The  Double  Yellow  Sweet  Brier*  will  be  nearly  as 
difficult  to  find  as  the  Yellow  Moss;  all  I  have  seen 
with  that  name  are  mere  interlopers,  being  the  Rosa 
Harrisonii,  Williams'  Yellow  Scotch,  and  some  not 
even  meriting  the  name  of  yellow.  Strong  shoots 
of  the  common  sweet  brier  make  very  good  stocks 
to  bud  or  graft  upon,  and  are  extensively  used  in 
England  for  that  purpose. 

*  The  Austrian  Brier,  or,  as  it  is  called,  Single  Yellow  Sweet 
Brier,  is  very  common  in  many  old  gardens.  The  flowers  are 
equally  as  bright  as  the  Harrisonii,  with  one  side  of  the  petals,  in 
certain  stages,  inclining  to  red. 


36  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 


ROSA    LUTEA 


THE  TELLOW  AUSTRIAN  ROSE. 


Botanists  do  not  appear  to  agree  in  considering 
Rosa  Lutea  and  Rosa  Sulphurea  as  distinct  species. 
But  we  will  proceed  regarding  them  as  one.  There 
are  hundreds,  if  not  thousands,  of  varieties  of  the 
rose  family  cultivated ;  among  such  a  progeny  it  is 
rather  remarkable  that  there  are  so  few  yellow,  and 
none  black ;  yet  there  are  no  two  colours  more  sought 
for.  The  Rosa  Sulphurea^  or  Double  Yellow  of 
Lindley,  has  never  been  seen  in  a  single  state.  It 
is  a  very  old  inhabitant  of  the  gardens  of  Europe, 
though  comparatively  rare  here.  In  Scotland, 
twenty-five  years  ago,  I  saw  a  plant  of  it,  which 
was  then  considered  a  great  curiosity,  though  it  ap- 
peared to  have  been  there  a  quarter  of  a  century ; 
it  always  showed  a  profusion  of  buds,  but  rarely  a 
well-blown  flower;  it  never  felt  the  pruning  knife, 
being  left  to  nature.  History  first  notices  it  as  being 
cultivated  in  Turkey.  Nothing  of  its  origin  is  as 
yet  known,  though  supposition  gives  it  a  locality  on 
the  fertile  soil  of  the  Chinese  empire.    This  rose  has 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  37 

produced  a  great  deal  of  money  to  the  French  vend- 
ers, especially  those  charlatans  who  make  their 
market  in  strange  places,  where  they  never  intend 
to  appear  again  under  the  same  name.  It  has 
travelled  from  east  to  w^est  as  the  Double  Yellow 
Provins,  Double  Yellow  Moss,  &c.  The  foliage  is 
small,  of  a  pale  yellowish-green,  the  wood  rather 
slender  and  weak,  studded  with  small  thorns ;  the 
branches  spreading.  There  is  a  large  plant  of  it 
that  has  been  in  the  garden  of  the  late  Henry  Pratt, 
Esq.,  near  this  city,  for  perhaps  thirty  years,  and 
has  never  been  known  to  produce  a  perfect  flower. 
It  is  said  that  the  gardens  of  Florence,  Leghorn,  and  ^«^ 
other  parts  of  Tuscany,  produce  this  rose  in  perfec- 
tion, which  proves  that  it  requires  a  dry  rich  soil 
and  an  even  temperature  to  bring  it  to  perfection. 

Persian  Yellow  is  a  rose  of  very  recent  introduc- 
tion, of  the  most  brilliant  golden  colour,  quite  double, 
large  firm  petals,  cup-form,  a  strong  grower,  bloom- 
ing profusely,  casting  all  other  yellow  roses  entirely 
in  the  shade,  a  stronger  grower  than  the  Harrisonii 
and  requiring  the  same  treatment,  blooming  as  early 
and  equally  as  profuse. 

Harrisonii,  Hogg^s  Yellow,  Yellow  Sweet  Brier. — 

This  very  pretty  yellow  rose  was  grown  by  a  Mr. 

Harrison,  near  New  York,  above  twenty  years  ago, 

and  is   evidently  a  seedling  from  the  Yellow  Aus- 

4 


38  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

trian;  its  growth,  after  being  well  established,  is 
quite  luxuriant,  often  making  shoots  six  feet  long  in 
one  season.  The  wood  is  of  a  dark  reddish  brown 
colour,  with  strong  straight  thorns,  the  foliage  small, 
of  a  dark  rich  green ;  the  flowers  open  of  a  globular 
form,  and  appear  like  as  many  golden  balls ;  when 
open  they  are  about  two  inches  in  diameter,  and 
nearly  double,  blooming  very  early  in  the  season, 
and  in  great  profusion;  it  seeds  rather  sparingly, 
but  will  no  doubt  produce  many  fine  varieties.  It 
delights  in  a  good  deep  loamy  soil,  although  it  may 
grow  in  any  soil  or  exposure ;  seeds  saved  from  it 
should  be  sown  and  protected  with  the  greatest  care, 
and  at  no  distant  period  we  may  anticipate,  from 
this  very  plant,  yellow  roses  possessing  all  the  re- 
quisites of  colour  and  form  that  the  amateur  can 
desire.  The  pruning  must  be  done  very  sparingly; 
if  the  plant  gets  crowded,  thin  out  the  branches; 
the  overgrown  and  straggling  shoots  can  be  short- 
ened to  any  required  length. 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  39 


ROSA     SPINOSISSIMA. 

THE   SCOTCH,  OR   BURTTET  ROSE. 

This  species  of  the  rose  takes  its  name  from  its 
being  very  thorny.  It  is  in  habit  very  much  assimi- 
lated to  the  yellow  roses,  though  of  a  more  spiny  or 
thorny  nature.  It  has  been  found  growing  in  many 
of  the  Alpine  districts  of  Europe,  though  it  is  gene- 
rally known  as  the  Scotch  Rose,  deriving  its  name 
from  the  fact  of  the  first  introduction  of  it  in  a 
double  state  having  been  by  the  Messrs.  Brown, 
nurserymen,  of  Perth,  (Scotland.)  As  a  stimulant  to 
rose  growers,  I  will  relate  what  I  have  heard  from 
the  late  Mr.  Robert  Brown,  who  domiciled  near  this 
city,  and  was  the  very  individual  who  planted  the 
seeds  and  distributed  thousands  of  this  rose  through 
the  floricultural  world.  He  says,  that  "in  or  about 
the  year  1793  he  introduced  to  his  nursery,  from  a 
hill  in  the  neighbourhood,  seeds  saved  from  this  rose, 
which  produced  semi-double  flowers,  and  by  con- 
tinuing a  selection  of  seeds,  and  thus  raising  new 
plants  every  year,  they  in  1803  had  eight  good 
double  varieties  to  dispose  of;  being  white,  yellow, 


40  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

shades  of  blush,  red  and  marbled ;  from  these  the 
stock  was  increased,  and  hundreds  of  varieties  ob- 
tained which  have  been  diffused  over  all  Europe." 
Several  of  them  are  cultivated  in  this  country.  We 
may  safely  assert  that  this  patriarch  of  horticulture 
was  the  first  to  grow  roses  from  seed  on  a  grand 
scale  half  a  century  ago.  He  died  in  the  autumn 
of  1845,  and  is  interred  in  Philadelphia  Cemetery. 
He  lived  in  the  enjoyment  of  all  his  faculties,  retain- 
ing at  an  advanced  age  much  of  his  former  originality 
of  mind,  and  to  him  I  am  indebted  for  the  commu- 
nication of  many  practical  facts,  the  result  of  his 
long  and  valuable  experience.  The  original  varieties 
of  this  rose  are  not  esteemed  by  amateurs  in  this 
country.  In  my  seventeen  years'  practice  as  an 
American  nurseryman  I  have  not  sold  fifty  plants  of 
it ;  but  recent  hybrids  have  given  some  of  them 
a  tendency  to  bloom  three  or  four  times  during  the 
season,  causing  them  to  be  more  admired,  which 
will  be  noticed  under  the  head  of  Perpetual  Roses. 
In  pruning,  treat  it  as  described  for  the  Yellow 
Rose. 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.         41 


ROSA    CENTIFOLIA. 


THE  PROYIIfS,  OR  CABBAGE  HOSB 


This  very  celebrated  and  justly  popular  rose  has 
been  an  inhabitant  of  English  gardens  for  nearly 
three  hundred  years  ;  its  native  country  is  rather 
obscure,  though  vague  tradition  says  it  comes  from 
the  east,  a  term  of  great  breadth  and  length ;  how- 
ever, Bieberstein  asserts  having  seen  it  grow  on  the 
Caucasus.  Some  suppose  that  this  is  the  rose 
mentioned  by  Pliny  as  being  a  great  favourite  among 
the  Romans.  In  this  taste  the  modern  world  still 
agree,  for  it  disputes  the  palm  of  beauty  with  its 
sisters  of  the  present  day;  although  it  has  been 
crossed  and  amalgamated  with  many  others,  few  of 
the  progeny  outvie  the  parent  in  size,  beauty,  per- 
fection, and  fragrance.  In  the  humid  air  of  Britain, 
it  blooms,  for  two  months  in  the  summer,  around 
almost  every  cottage;  but  with  us,  two  or  three 
weeks  in  June  display  every  flower,  and  if  the  wea- 
ther is  very  hot,  they  flower  and  fade  in  a  day.  I 
confess  that  there  is  great  difficulty  in  deciding  on 
the  varieties  that  do  belong  to  this  species,  but  as 
4* 


42  BOSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

we  intend  to  describe  only  the  finest,  the  specific 
character  will  not  affect  the  quality.  The  Provlns 
or  Cabbage  Rose  takes  its  name  from  a  town  about 
twenty  leagues  from  Paris,  where  it  is  extensively 
grown  for  distilling ;  Cabbage,  from  the  form  of  the 
rose,  being  of  a  large  round  cupped  form,  never 
expanding  flat.  Some  suppose  that  its  name  is 
Provence,  from  a  province  in  the  south  of  France, 
of  which  it  is  said  to  be  a  native  ;  the  authority  is 
rather  vague,  and  not  adopted  by  the  scientific. 
The  colour  is  a  clear  delicate  pink,  the  wood  strong, 
distantly  studded  with  thorns.  The  Unique,  or  White 
Provins,  is  a  sported  branch  from  the  old  variety, 
differing  in  colour,  and  also  in  the  shape  of  the 
flower,  being  weaker,  having  the  petals  more  crum- 
pled, and  not  so  cupped ;  the  colour  is  pure  white, 
though  it  is  liable  to  sport,  for  I  have  seen  it  a  pretty 
blush,  and  in  some  instances  striped  and  margined. 
Belgic,  or  Dutch  Provins,  is  even  larger  than  the 
cabbage,  being  four  to  five  inches  in  diameter ; 
colour  red ;  buds  large  and  very  splendid,  and  is  the 
most  common  rose  in  the  country — called  the  Cab- 
bage Rose,  from  which  it  differs  very  materially  in 
the  wood  not  having  such  strong  prickles,  though  of 
more  free  growth  ;  the  flower  also  expands  fully, 
which  the  cabbage  never  does.  Duchesne  is  a  large 
blush,  and  a  good  bloomer,  with  well-formed  flowers. 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  43 

Duchesse  d'^  Orleans  is  perhaps  a  little  hybridized, 
and  is  a  very  splendid  variety,  of  a  bright  rosy  pink 
colour,  inclining  to  blush  towards  the  edge.  It  is 
a  good  grower  and  free  bloomer.  Belle  Ruineuse 
is  a  beautiful  light  blush  pink,  very  double,  and 
finely  cupped.  Cricks,  or  Yorkshire  Provins,  has 
very  much  the  appearance  of  the  old  Cabbage  Pro- 
vins, though  a  shade  darker,  and  opens  its  flowers 
more  freely.  Crested  Provins,  frequently,  though 
erroneously,  called  Crested  Moss,  is  the  very  best 
of  the  group ;  its  striking  peculiarity  consists  in  the 
green  silken  mossy  fringe  surrounding  the  sepals  of 
the  calyx,  as  it  were,  half  enveloping  the  bud — a 
regular  moustache,  far  more  elegant  and  beautiful 
in  the  estimation  of  refined  taste  than  any  of  those 
worn  by  the  exquisites  of  the  day.  Its  bright  rosy 
pink  buds  are  large,  the  bloom  opening  very  perfect 
and  pendant.  If  grown  on  a  standard,  about  two 
to  four  feet  high,  the  beauty  is  improved.  This 
very  curious  rose  is  said  to  be  a  sport  from  the  Pro- 
vins Cabbage,  and  when  fully  expanded  it  might 
be  taken  for  a  fine  variety  of  such,  though  the  foliage 
is  stronger,  and  of  a  better  colour  than  the  original. 
Reine  Caroline  may  be  placed  with  the  Provins,  and 
■will  vie  in  beauty  with  any.  It  is  desirable  from 
its  being  about  two  wrecks  later  than  any  of  the  pre- 
ceding ;    the   flower   is   large,  colour  deep   pink, 


44  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

varying  to  blush.  It  grows  freely,  and  is  a  great 
bloomer.  Grand  Bercam  is  among  the  darkest, 
being  a  deep  rose  colour ;  flowers  quite  large, 
though  not  so  perfect  as  some  others.  The  Provins 
Rose  has  undergone  so  much  hybridizing  by  culti- 
vators, that  it  has,  in  many  instances,  been  eclipsed 
in  colour,  growth,  and  habit,  though  few  will  say 
that  it  is  excelled  in  beauty  of  form.  The  striped 
and  hybrid  varieties  from  it  wall  come  under  their 
proper  heads,  the  best  of  which  will  be  fully  de- 
scribed. They  require  a  free  rich  loamy  soil ;  close 
pruning,  that  is  shortening  the  shoots  of  the  preced- 
ing year  to  three  or  four  eyes,  keeps  them  in  the 
best  order ;  choosing  the  month  of  February  for  the 
operation. 


ROSA    CENTIFOLIA,   var.    MUSCQSA. 

THE  MOSS  HOSE.* 

This  much  admired  rose  is  unquestionably  a  mere 
variety  of  the  Provins ;  although  its  origin  remains  in 

•  In  very  cold  latitudes,  where  the  thermometer  falls  frequently 
below  zero,  all  the  Moss  Roses  are  better  for  being  protected  by 
dry  leaves  or  a  mat,  except  Luxembourg  and  the  Perpetual  White, 
wfcich,  I  am  informed,  stand  our  most  rigorous  winters. 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  45 

obscurity,  it  has  been  repeatedly  proven  to  produce 
flowers,  without  any  moss,  on  either  buds,  leaves, 
or  branches.  In  1836  a  plant  in  my  nursery  had 
a  large  shoot  on  it  that  sported  back  to  the  Provins, 
and  entirely  destitute  of  its  mossy  coat.  I  believe 
that  Sir  James  Smith  mentions,  in  "  Rees'  Cyclo- 
paedia,"  that  in  Italy  it  loses  its  mossiness  almost 
immediately  through  the  influence  of  climate.  It 
was  first  noticed  about  the  years  1720  to  1724,  and 
is  mentioned  by  Miller  in  1727.  There  is  no  rose 
that  has  been,  and  is  still  so  highly  esteemed  as  the 
Moss.  It  is  figured  and  emblazoned  in  every  quar- 
ter of  the  globe  ;  every  rose  that  has  the  word  moss 
attached  to  it  increases  in  value,  and  this  fact  has 
brought  many  under  this  head  having  very  little  of 
its  character  ;  and  among  them  all  it  is  question- 
able if  there  is  one  so  very  beautiful  in  bud  as  the 
common  Moss  Rose,  generally  known  under  the 
name  of  Red  Moss,  in  contradistinction,  I  suppose, 
to  white,  for  it  is  not  red  ;  it  is  purely  rose-colour, 
and  in  bud  is  truly  lovely,  but  when  full  blown  it 
has  no  peculiar  attraction.  Blush  Moss  is  in  colour 
as  its  name  indicates.  The  Crimson,  Damask,  or 
Tinwell  Moss  is,  when  opening,  a  shade  deeper  in 
colour  than  the  common  Moss,  the  foliage  larger, 
wood  stronger  and  more  mossy,  and  if  the  old  Moss 
Rose  has  a  competitor,  it  is  in  this.     Angelique 


46  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

Quetier  is  a  strong  growing  plant,  with  rather  sin- 
gular foliage ;  the  flowers  are  very  double,  of  a 
cherry  red  colour.  Louise  Colet  is  of  a  delicate 
rose  colour.  Rouge,  Rouge  de  Luxembourg,  Fer- 
rugineuse,  Vieillard,  and  Luxembourg  Moss;  this 
brilliant  Moss  is  known  under  all  these  names,  and 
like  all  fine  roses,  it  has  many  synonymes  ;  the 
flowers  are  bright  red,  imbricated,  and  perfectly 
double ;  the  whole  plant  is  very  mossy,  and  has  a 
brown  appearance ;  it  is  a  free  grower,  and  appears 
to  do  better  in  this  climate  than  any  of  the  others ; 
it  seeds  profusely  without  artificial  means.  I  have 
several  plants  from  it  without  any  mossy  appearance, 
and  others  distinctly  mossy.  Malvina  is  also  a  free 
seeder ;  the  flowers  are  pink,  very  compact,  but  it 
will  never  gratify  the  nasal  organ.  Prolifere,  or 
Mottled  Moss,  is  a  very  free  bloomer,  though  the 
mottled  part  of  its  character  is  not  easily  detected. 
It  grows  freely,  and  forms  a  fine  variety  of  a  deep 
rose  colour.  Oscar  Foulard  is  very  pretty,  with 
compact  flowers  of  a  rosy  violet  colour ;  the  plant 
is  very  mossy,  and  blooms  profusely.  Pompon  Feu, 
a  very  expressive  name  for  this  bright  red  minia- 
ture rose.  It  appears  to  grow  well  with  us,  but 
will  never  be  admired  at  a  distance.  Ponctuee  is 
only  a  half  double  rose,  but  beautifully  spotted  with 
white,   and  if  impregnated  with  others,  will  make 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  47 

an  excellent  variety  from  which  to  grow  new  sorts. 
Provins  Moss,  or  Unique  de  Provins,  is  a  fac-simile 
of  the  old  Unique,  or  White  Provins  Rose,  only- 
mossed  ;  its  habit  is  similar,  and  equally  robust, 
with  large  white  flowers,  blooming  in  the  same  mag- 
nificent clusters;  it  is  yet  quite  rare,  but  with  the 
present  facilities  of  propagating,  it  cannot  long  re- 
main so.  Mauget  or  Perpetual  Red  Moss  ;  this  long 
dreamed  of,  and  wished  for  rose,  has  at  last  made 
its  appearance;  the  wood  is  of  a  very  delicate 
growth,  and  quite  short ;  it  blooms  two  or  three 
times  in  the  season,  of  a  rosy  pink  colour,  flowers 
medium  size,  and  not  fully  double  ;  its  beauties  are 
more  imaginary  than  real;  it  is,  however,  a  perpe- 
tual blooming  Moss  Rose,  and  very  desirable.  Alice 
Leroi;  in  growth  forms  a  great  contrast  to  the  Per- 
petual, being  a  very  strong  and  free  grower,  and 
appears  to  suit  our  climate  well ;  the  flowers  are 
large  and  double,  of  a  rosy  lilac  colour.  Pompon, 
or  Moss  de  Meaux,  is  very  small,  and  is  the  earliest 
of  roses,  blooms  in  clusters,  of  a  delicate  pink  co- 
lour ;  the  plant  is  very  dwarf,  and  difficult  of  culti- 
vation, unless  in  a  sandy  rich  soil,  w^here  it  grows 
and  holds  permanently.  Panachee  Pleine,  or  Double 
White  Striped  Moss,  has  as  yet  produced  flowers  of 
pure  white  striped  with  pink,  but  it  may  be  expected 
(like  many  other  striped  roses)  to  produce  flowers 


48  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

pure  white  or  pink.  I  have  often  seen  the  old  White 
Moss  have  one-half  the  flower  white,  and  the  other 
half  pink.  Sablee  is  only  half  double,  of  a  bright  rose 
colour,  frequently  spotted  with  red.  Sans  Sepales  is 
flesh  coloured,  the  edges  of  the  petals  pale  rose, 
affording  a  very  distinct  variety.  The  White  Bath, 
or  Clifton  Moss,  is  a  pure  white,  of  rather  deli- 
cate growth,  and  rather  deficient  in  the  '^  mossy 
coat"  so  much  admired  in  this  tribe.  If  it  had  the 
beauty,  while  in  bud,  of  the  old  moss,  it  would  be 
an  invaluable  acquisition ;  it  is  said  to  have  origi- 
nated from  a  sportive  branch  of  the  common  Moss 
Rose.  In  England,  about  thirty- five  years  ago, 
when  it  first  "  came  out,"  it  brought  in  the  guineas 
at  a  great  rate.  Princess  Adelaide,  is  a  hybrid  va- 
riety of  great  luxuriance — growing  six  to  eight  feet 
in  a  season,  producing  its  very  perfect  rosy  blush 
flowers,  in  large  clusters,  and  is  generally  known 
as  the  Borhon  Moss.  Laff'ay'^s  Perpetual  White 
Moss,  or  the  Qicatre  Saisons  Mousseux  of  the  French, 
is  pure  white,  and  is  very  pretty  when  in  bud,  which 
it  produces  in  clusters.  The  expanded  rose  has  no 
attraction,  but  the  profusion  amply  makes  up  for 
this ;  if  grown  in  rich  free  soil  it  produces  flowers 
the  whole  season ;  in  such  a  soil  I  have  a  plant  now 
(August)  entirely  covered  with  bunches  of  flowers. 
On  paying  a  visit  to  a  public  sale  last  spring  I  saw 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  49 

it  sold  under  the  very  enticing  name  of  "  The  New 
White  Cluster  Moss."  Such  christenings  are  an 
injury  to  both  seller  and  purchaser.  The  Moss 
Rose  in  this  country  is  a  plant  of  very  difficult  cul- 
ture unless  in  a  rich  sandy  soil ;  but  if  it  is  once 
fairly  established  in  a  rich  deep  loam,  it  will  make 
shoots  six  feet  long ;  when  such  can  be  obtained,  its 
permanency  is  sure.  To  encourage  its  growth, 
fresh  soil,  well  incorporated  with  manure,  should  be 
dug  in  about  its  root  every  winter.  The  pruning 
must  be  done  sparingly.  If  the  plants  are  kept 
low  they  never  do  well,  often  dying  off  as  soon 
as  they  have  done  blooming.  I  have  lost  three 
or  four  hundred  in  a  single  season  by  overdoing  the 
operation ;  but  if  they  are  kept  in  bushes  four  or 
five  feet  above  ground,  they  will  grow  admirably; 
they  also  delight  in  an  airy  exposed  situation.  Moss 
Roses  in  variety  are  very  scarce,  even  in  Europe  ; 
no  establishment  can  supply  them  in  any  quantity. 
The  catalogues  are  more  full  than  the  stock ;  there 
are  many  sorts  yearly  added  to  the  lists,  which  are 
mere  abortions  when  compared  with  what  is  known 
as  the  Moss  Rose.  The  new  sorts  are  all  budded  on 
the  French  Eglantine,  and  form  small  trees,  that  re- 
quire to  be  kept  free  from  the  suckers  which  push  up 
from  the  roots,  or  the  grafts  would  be  impoverished 
and  die.  Rose  trees  are  quite  fashionable,  but  they 
5 


50  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

must  in  no  case  be  allowed  to  put  forth  any  shoots 
below  the  bud  or  head  of  the  plant.  Standard  or 
tree  roses  trained  in  parasol  or  umbrella  shape,  make 
very  interesting  objects,  and  the  flowers  they  pro- 
duce are  all  fully  exposed  to  the  eye,  and  appear  as 
though  almost  floating  in  the  air. 


ROSA    GALLICA. 


THE  ROSE  OF  FRANCE. 


This  rose  takes  its  name  from  its  great  abund- 
ance in  hedges  and  other  uncultivated  grounds  in 
France.  Some  writers  consider  it  "  evidently  the 
hundred-leaved  rose  of  Pliny,"  so  that  it  must 
have  been  long  known  in  cultivation.  It  is  rather 
curious  that  the  French  call  it  Rose  de  Provins,  while 
the  English  give  it  the  name  of  French  Rose.  It 
is  a  very  great  seed-bearer,  and  has  consequently 
been  much  used  by  florists  in  crossing  with  other 
varieties  to  produce  new  sorts  ;  the  results  have  been 
hundreds,  though  more  astonishing,  in  many  in- 
ances,  for  their  exalted  names  than  for  any  other 
merits  ;  yet  there  are  many  of  the  most  perfect  cha- 
racter, composed  of  numerous  and  regularly  formed 


AOSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  51 


petals,  with  colours  of  almost  every  imaginable 
shade.  The  distinguishing  features  of  this  family- 
are  strong  upright  flower- stalks,  want  of  large  prick- 
les, rigid  leaves,  and  compact  growth.  The  colours 
vary  from  pink  to  the  deepest  shades  of  crimson. 
Nearly  all  the  striped,  mottled,  and  variegated  roses 
have  originated  in  this  group ;  the  recent  varieties 
and  improvements  of  character  have  gone  beyond 
all  calculation,  and  we  may  safely  arrive  at  the  con- 
clusion that  roses  of  every  imaginable  colour,  ex- 
cept blue  and  black,  will  be  in  cultivation  at  no  dis- 
tant period ;  and  then  it  will  be  nothing  remarkable 
to  see  white  roses  edged  with  crimson,  and  crimson 
edged  with  white.  Even  now  I  confess  that  to  give 
even  a  faint  description,  is  a  task  of  considerable 
difficulty.  It  is  a  vast  garland,  every  link  of  which 
shines  out  in  harmonious  variety  ;  but  from  this 
wreath  I  will  cull  only  those  of  merit,  and  which 
will  be  always  worthy  of  culture  for  some  good 
quality.  Mfricainey  or  Belle  Mfricaine,  is  one  of  the 
very  darkest ;  if  seen  as  soon  as  open,  it  approaches 
nearer  black  than  any  other,  but  soon  fades  to  dark 
crimson.  The  flower  is  very  double  and  compact. 
Aurora  is  a  bright  pink,  of  the  hundred-leaved  style ; 
it  grows  and  blooms  freely.  Amourin  has  an  agree- 
able rosy  blush  colour  in  its  imbricated  and  perfectly 
double  flower.     Baron  de  Stael  blooms  perfectly, 


52  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

and  always  gives  satisfaction,  with  its  pale  cherry- 
coloured  flowers,  which  are  large  and  perfectly 
formed.  Belle  amabile,  dark  shaded  red,  always 
large  and  attractive,  with  bold  full  petals,  and  con- 
trasts well  with  the  shaded  pink  flowers  of  Bishop. 
Champion  has  very  bright  red  flowers,  full  and  per- 
fect, blooming  most  freely.  Carmin  Brilliant  is 
well  and  expressively  named.  It  would  facili- 
tate the  love  of  flowers  to  a  great  degree  if  their 
names  were  always  expressive  of  colour  or  charac- 
racter ;  but  the  title  is  often  all  the  quality  the  ar- 
ticle can  boast  of.  Chardon  Bleu,  or,  in  other  words. 
Blue  Thistle  ;  such  a  name  for  a  dark  slatey  shaded 
crimson  rose,  is  preposterous ;  yet  so  it  is.  Bufffon, 
very  dark  violet  crimson,  large  and  fine.  Corona- 
tion is  very  brilliant,  nearly  approaching  scarlet ; 
it  has  bold  full  petals,  is  a  profuse  bloomer,  and 
perfectly  formed.  Due  de  Choiseul  is  a  very  distinct 
article,  flowers  freely,  double.  It  is  well  formed,  of 
a  pale  rose  colour,  with  a  deep  carmine  centre. 
Elemensie  is  another  very  distinct  variety,  with 
large  expanded  flowers  of  a  rosy  crimson  colour, 
growing  and  blooming  freely.  Eliza  is  a  large  blush, 
finely  cupped,  and  a  late  bloomer.  Eliza  Leker 
is  a  beautiful  pale  rose,  frequently  a  little  marbled, 
but  so  very  indistinctly  that  it  must  have  been  fancy 
in  him  who  described  it  as  such.     Eclat  des Roses; 


HOSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  53 

there  are  several  roses   cultivated  under  this  loud 
name  ;  the  one  before  us  is  a  large  bright  rose,  edged 
with  blush,  with  bold  and  perfect  petals,  and  always 
very  double.     Fanny  Bias,  or  Fanny  Parissot,  is  a 
great  favourite,  and  has  few  compeers.     Every  one 
admires  it ;  the  colour  is  also  scarce  in  the  family, 
being  pale  blush  shading  to  bright  pink  towards  the 
centre.    It  is  extremely  double,  and  is  greatly  to  be 
admired  for  its   symmetry  ;  it  is   a  free  bloomer. 
Gloire  des  Jardins  is  a  large  bright  red,  fully  im- 
bricated, and   always  perfectly  double.     Hortense 
Beauharnaisj  though   described   as   Rose  vif  Ponc- 
tuee,  is  not  worthy  of  that  distinction ;  these  faint 
spots  seen  in  it  after  close  inspection,  are  too  faint 
to  be  deserving  of  notice.     Hercules,  if  it  had  not 
another    quality   besides    its    delicious    fragrance, 
should  be  in  every  garden.     Its  flowers  are  large, 
and  bright  red,  expanding  freely  and  fully  double. 
Isabel   and   Prolifere    are  the  same;    very  double 
pink,  in  clusters  and  in  great  profusion ;  one  mass 
of  pretty  pink  flowers.     Juliana   is   also  a  pretty 
perfectly  double  pinkish  red,  one  of  those  colours 
that  the  eye  delights  to  rest  upon.     King  of  Rome, 
Ponceau  Parfait,  and  Theodore  de  Crose  ;  this  very 
fine  and  perfect  rose,  like  many  others  of  first  quali- 
ty, has  a  plurality  of  name^,  and  if  it  should  have 
as  many  more,  they  will  not  darken  its  bright  red 
5* 


54  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

colour,  nor  disarrange  its  very  perfect  form.  La 
Favorite  is  a  bright  cherry  red,  of  good  habit.  La 
JVegresse,  not  so  black  as  its  name  implies,  only  a 
very  superb  double  crimson,  very  large,  expanded, 
and  fully  double.  Madame  Cottin^  or  Sophie  Cot- 
tin,  is  a  very  large  bright  rose,  and  a  free  bloomer. 
Maid  of  Brussels,  very  large  beautiful  pink,  fine 
form.  Maid  of  Orleans,  pale  rose,  shaded  with  blush, 
very  superb.  Mohilida  is  a  beautiful  double  pink, 
with  a  blush  edge,  very  pretty  and  profuse.  Ma- 
tilda is  another  very  handsome  pink,  and  greatly 
admired;  its  closely  imbricated  petals  and  profusion 
are  great  attractions.  JVonpareil  is  another  imbri- 
cated pink,  but  several  shades  darker  than  the  for- 
mer. JYarbonne  is  quite  a  new  rose,  of  a  beauti- 
ful cherry  purple,  perfectly  imbricated,  a  profuse 
bloomer,  afid  of  good  habit.  Ornement  de  Parade, 
an  abundant  blooming  large  pink,  of  rapid  growth, 
and  strong  habit.  Polivetis  is  a  very  bright  crim- 
son, of  the  crown  form  always  admired.  Philippe 
Quatte  is  a  new  pink  rose,  with  very  large  flowers, 
having  bold  round  petals  ;  though  not  so  full  as 
others,  yet  it  is  very  desirable  in  a  collection. 
Pourpre  de  Vienne  blooms  very  early,  of  a  distinct 
purplish  blush  colour,  with  perfectly  double  cupped 
flowers  in  great  profusion.  Queen  of  Violets  is  an 
old  rose,  but  as  scarce  as  if  it  had  originated  only 


ROSES  T«AT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  55 

last  season.  The  form  is  of  the  most  perfectly  im- 
bricated character,  and  the  colour  of  a  violet  purple 
rarely  met  with.  Ranunculus  takes  its  name  from 
being  like  that  flower  ;  it  is  a  great  and  persistent 
bloomer,  of  very  double  form,  showing  a  profusion 
of  mottled  rosy  purple  flowers  all  over  the  plant. 
Royal  Bouquet  is  of  a  crown  form  admired  by  all ; 
the  colour  is  a  bright  soft  pink,  and  for  profusion  it 
is  equal  to  the  preceding,  and  of  the  same  habits. 
Saint  Francois  is  a  bright  rosy  pink  of  very  neat 
form.  Susannah  is  a  clear  red,  contrasting  beauti- 
fully with  the  former.  Souvenir  de  JYavarino  is  a 
delicate  expanded  pink,  finely  double,  and  a  certain 
bloomer.  Tuscany,  or  Black  Tuscany,  is  not  black, 
but  of  a  very  dark  rich  crimson  ;  in  richness  of  co- 
lour it  has  very  few  equals,  and  to  behold  it  in  its 
beauty  it  must  be  seen  before  the  sun  affects  it.  Its 
deficiency  is  want  of  petals,  but  it  forms  an  excel- 
lent parent  from  which  to  procure  seed ;  for  being 
profuse  in  pollen,  you  can  always  readily  obtain  it 
to  impart  to  other  sorts  richness  of  colour. 

The  varieties  of  Rosa  Gallica  are  very  numerous, 
and  every  year  adds  to  the  quantity;  they  all  do 
best  grown  on  their  own  roots ;  their  growth  is  such 
as  will  require  to  be  kept  under  with  the  knife,  and 
they  bear  pruning  much  better  than  the  Provins  or 
Moss  Rose.     The  best  period  for  the  operation  is 


56  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

from  November  to  early  in  the  spring ;  thin  out  the 
wood  where  it  is  thick,  and  cut  back  the  young 
shoots  to  three  or  four  eyes  of  the  wood  of  the  pre- 
ceding year's  growth.  When  the  pruning  of  a  plant 
is  finished,  there  should  not  be  one  shoot  crossing 
another,  and  every  shoot  or  branch  should  stand  free 
and  straight.  The  plants  require  manure  or  rich 
compost  dug  in  among  their  roots  once  a  year,  un- 
less the  ground  is  of  a  very  rich  nature  ;  in  that 
case  once  in  two  years  will  be  sufficient.  If  some 
of  the  plants  are  pruned  in  November,  and  others  in 
March,  or  after  the  foliage  begins  to  appear,  it  will 
make  about  eight  or  ten  days'  difference  in  their 
time  of  blooming.  This  practice  is  often  resorted 
to  in  Europe,  which  greatly  retards  their  bloom  in 
cool  or  moist  climates ;  but  with  us  the  results  are 
not  so  decisive,  though  quite  perceptible.  Many 
of  the  sorts  sucker  freely ;  in  such  cases  the  super- 
fluous ones  should  be  removed  in  the  spring,  and 
planted  where  wanted,  or  destroyed. 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  57 


VARIETIES    OF    ROSA    GALLICA. 

STRIPES,  SPOTTED,  AND  MARBLED. 

To  Rosa  Gallica  we  are  indebted  for  nearly  all 
these  curiously  spotted,  mottled,  and  striped  roses  re- 
cently brought  into  cultivation.  The  very  old  dwarf, 
Rosa  Mundiy  is  a  pure  Gallica,  and  is  frequently 
confounded  with  the  true  York  and  Lancaster  Rose, 
which  is  a  pure  damask,  and  a  strong  grower  ;  the 
former  is  the  type  of  what  we  are  about  to  describe, 
and  although  many  have  been  imported  by  us  under 
this  class,  I  must  acknowledge  that  there  are  few 
distinct  enough  with  other  perfect  characters  to 
merit  the  attention  of  the  rose  growing  amateur.  All 
parti-colouring  in  the  rose  is  greatly  defaced  by  ex- 
posure to  the  full  rays  of  the  sun  in  a  day  of  June ; 
it  is  necessary,  therefore,  to  see  them  as  soon  as 
open,  or  on  a  cloudy  day,  when  they  are  in  all  their 
variegated  perfection.  Andre  Thouin  is  purplish 
crimson,  marbled,  spotted  with  rose.  Arethusa  is 
bright  rose,  distinctly  spotted  with  blush.  Berleze, 
or  VAhhe  Berleze,  is  a  very  double  violet  crimson, 
beautifully,  though  not  very  distinctly,  mottled  with 


58  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

rose.  Bicolor  is  nearly  scarlet,  having  a  pure  white 
stripe  in  each  petal,  and  when  half  open  is  really 
very  pretty ;  it  is  not  fully  double  :  it  bears  an 
abundance  of  seed,  and  w^ill  produce,  no  doubt, 
many  fine  varieties.  Bouquet  de  Lisle,  large  violet 
purple,  spotted  with  lilac.  Camaieu  is  a  pretty  rosy 
lilac,  distinctly  striped  with  blush  white,  perfectly 
double,  always  opening  well.  Cosimo  Ridolphi, 
violet,  spotted  with  lilac,  cup-form,  large  and  double. 
Fontenelle  is  quite  new,  and  a  beautiful  bright  rose 
mottled  with  blush,  perfectly  double.  Hersilie  is  a 
beautiful  pink,  spotted  with  white,  imbricated,  and 
very  double.  La  JYationale  is  of  a  bright  rosy  co- 
lour, mottled  with  purplish  crimson,  but  with  a 
shower  of  rain,  and  an  hour  of  sun,  its  variegation 
is  lost.  LedOy  semi-double,  very  distinctly  striped 
white  and  red.  Monime,  with  very  double  bright 
rosy  violet  flowers,  mottled  with  light  purple.  Male- 
sherbes  or  Melsherba,  is  more  of  a  Chinese  hybrid 
than  a  Gallica,  and  is  the  more  desirable,  as  its 
growih  is  thereby  improved ;  the  flowers  are  very 
double,  rosy  purple,  spotted  with  white.  Marceau, 
delicate  rose,  spotted  with  lilac,  very  double,  compact 
and  fragrant.  Minos  is  a  very  double  bright  rose, 
suffused  with  numerous  small  white  spots,  very  dis- 
tinct and  perfectly  double.  Prince  de  Chimay  is 
of  a  rosy  purple,  very  double,  with  large  spots  of 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  59 

rosy  white.  Panachee  Pleine,  as  its  name  repre- 
sents, is  fully  double,  striped  rose  and  white  very 
distinctly,  and  the  full  length  of  the  petals ;  but  it  is 
so  much  like  the  Panachee  Double  that  the  two  are 
not  desirable  in  the  same  collection.  Donna  Sol  is 
a  new  variety,  with  large,  very  double,  rosy  pink 
flowers,  and  spotted  wuth  dark  rose,  of  strong  growth ; 
it  will  be  very  liable  to  run  into  one  colour  in  rich 
heavy  soils.  Jeanne  Hachette  is  another  novelty  in 
this  family ;  the  flowers  are  almost  as  large  as  our 
old  Perpetual  Jeanne  Hachette,  but  darker  in  colour, 
being  a  red  suffused  with  blush  spots.  (Eillet  Par- 
fait  is  beautifully  striped  like  a  Bizarre  Carnation, 
with  rose,  red  and  white ;  is  of  a  fine  globular  form, 
and  is  one  of  the  best  of  the  group.  Pourpre  Striee 
de  Blanc  is  a  light  purple,  with  numerous  small 
stripes  of  white;  flowers  fully  double.  Renoncule 
Ponctuee  is  very  double,  beautifully  spotted  and 
marbled  with  rose,  crimson,  and  white ;  nothing  in 
the  division  like  it.  Tricolor  Superba  is  a  double 
crimson,  with  large  petals,  shaded  and  marked  with 
rose  and  white.  Panachee  Double ^  Village  Maid,  ix 
Belle  RubinCy  was  the  first  of  the  fine  double  striped 
roses,  and  has  been  cultivated  and  sold  under  these 
three  names ;  the  flowers  are  perfectly  double,  and 
very  like  a  fine  Bizarre  Carnation,  having  stripes  of 


60  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  ^ 

deep  rose,  pink,  and  white,  regularly  over  the  petals, 
from  the  base  to  the  apex.* 

There  are  few  indeed  of  the  striped  and  spotted 
roses  deserving  the  great  eulogiums  and  extrava- 
gant descriptions  given  them  by  growers  and  writers. 
The  new  sorts  have  added  little  to  redeem  the  old, 
though  we  now  have  a  promise  in  the  Perle  des 
PanacheeSy  which  is  of  the  finest  description.  It  did 
not  bloom  last  year ;  but  I  wdll  be  able  to  prove 
it  the  coming  season.  They  require  to  be  seen  in 
bloom  before  they  are  served  up  to  the  better  tastes 
of  our  American  Rose  fanciers. 

From  the  above  it  will  be  seen  that  this  class  of 
roses  are  rapidly  multiplying,  and  with  persever- 
ance and  attention  we  may  raise  as  fine  kinds  in 
this  country  as  they  do  in  France  ;  for  they  appear 
to  seed  in  great  abundance.  The  variegated  kinds 
do  not  make  such  strong  wood,  generally  speak- 
ing, as  those  of  uniform  colours,  and  we  find  that 
in  strong  and  rich  soils  much  of  the  diversity  is  lost. 
It  is  therefore  advisable  to  keep  them  in  moderate 
soils  inclining  to  a  sandy  nature,  and  their  charac- 
ters will  be  brightened  and  rendered  more  perma- 
nent, refreshing  the  soil  every  alternate  year  with 

*  This  rose,  like  all  of  the  striped  and  spotted  sorts,  reverts  back 
to  self-colours.    I  have  whole  plants  of  it  of  a  rosy  lilac  colour. 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  6  I 


manure  or  rich  compost.  The  following  sorts  seed 
freely,  and  can  be  impregnated  with  any  other  sort 
that  fancy  may  dictate,  selecting  those  that  have 
regularly  formed  flowers  without  being  crowded 
with  petals,  Andre  Thouin,  Arethusa,  Bicolor,  Vil- 
lage Miad,  and  Tricolor  Superba.  Seeds  from  these 
will  produce  every  imaginable  variety,  from  blush 
to  crimson. 


ROSA    ALBA. 

WHITE  GARDEJf  ROSE. 

The  white  rose  of  the  gardens  has  Seen  culti- 
vated from  time  immemorial.  Although  the  origi- 
nal single  white  or  blush  has  seldom  been  seen  in 
cultivation,  yet  the  double  is  very  frequent,  keeping 
ward  at  the  door  of  the  cottage,  or  towering  by  the 
window  casements  of  our  oldest  homesteads.  It  is 
often  called  the  white  climbing  rose.  It  must  have 
been  introduced  by  our  pilgrim  fathers — a  fit  em- 
blem of  their  purity,  and  a  smiling  memorial  of  the 
land  of  their  nativity.  It  is  rather  remarkable  that 
among  the  many  new  varieties  of  the  rose,  there 
are  so  few  whites.  Those  I  will  introduce  under 
this  head,  belong  perhaps  more  properly  to  the  Da- 
6 


62  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

mask  or  Gallica  species;  yet  I  am  convinced  they 
will  be  more  in  place  at  the  head  of  this  article 
than  in  any  other  division.  Globe  Hip,  White 
Globe,  or  Boule  de  JYeige  of  the  French,  is  an  Eng- 
lish rose,  raised  from  seeds  of  the  common  white,  a 
very  pure  white,  fully  double  and  of  globular  form. 
A  few  years  ago  it  was  considered  "  not  to  be  sur- 
passed ;"  but  that  prediction,  like  many  others,  has 
fallen  to  the  ground,  and  now  Madam  Hardy  is 
triumphant,  being  larger,  fully  as  pure,  more  double, 
and  an  abundant  bloomer;  the  foliage  and  wood  are 
also  stronger.  The  French  describe  it  "  grande 
pleine,  blanche,  creusee  ;"  or,  in  other  words,  large 
very  double  pure  white,  and  of  a  cup  or  bowl  form. 
La  Belle  l/iugusta  is  a  blush,  changing  to  nearly 
white,  fully  double,  a  strong  grower,  and  flowers 
profusely.  Princesse  Clementine  is  quite  new,  and 
very  pure  white,  perfectly  double,  and  has  in  its 
composition  a  portion  of  the  Provins  Rose.  Reine 
des  Beiges  is  a  very  pure  and  perfectly  double  va- 
riety, well  deserving  its  name.  There  are  several 
other  whites  inferior  to  these,  and  not  worth  cultivat- 
ing when  better  can  be  obtained.  In  pruning  they 
require  to  be  treated  in  the  same  method  as  Gallica 
Roses.  But  budded  plants,  about  two  or  three  feet 
high,  are  great  beauties ;  their  beautiful  soft  white 
flowers   are   brought   nearer   the    eye,  contrasting 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  63 

agreeably  on  the  foliage  of  the  plant.  They  are  all 
free  growers,  and  require  the  knife  to  keep  them 
thin,  and  in  proper  bounds.  They  may,  in  all  other 
respects,  be  treated  as  hardy  roses. 


ROSA    DAMASCENA. 

DAMASK  KOSE,  OR  ROSE  OF  DAMASCUS. 

The  Damask  Rose  is  frequently  confounded  with 
the  Provins  and  Gallicas  ;  but  this  is  not  to  be  won- 
dered at  when  the  mixture  of  the  various  species 
by  impregnation  is  indiscriminately  practised  every 
year,  often  producing  plants  and  flowers,  about 
whose  family  scarcely  two  judges  could  agree.  I 
will,  however,  point  out  a  few  that  still  possess  all 
the  marks  and  characters  of  the  pure  species.  They 
all  have  that  delicious  odour  so  peculiar  to  the 
** old-fashioned  Damask  Rose,"  and  produce  also 
their  flowers  in  clusters ;  they  have  a  long  succession 
of  bloom,  and  by  extra  culture  two  or  three  of  them 
have  a  tendency  to  bloom  in  the  fall,  and  are  called 
by  the  French  "Rose  des  Quatre  Saisons."  They 
are  all  distinguished  by  long  spreading  branches 
thickly  set  with  prickles ;  the  foliage  is  strong,  of  a 


64  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

pale  green,  and  deeply  nerved.     Belladonna  is  a 
delicate    pink,  and    a    profuse   bloomer.       Grand 
Triomphe  is   also   a  light  pink,  very  double,    and 
crowded  with  bloom.     Imperial,  a  large  blush  flow- 
er, rather  loose,  but  a  very  distinct  sort.     La  Folie 
de  Corse,  bright  rose,  large  and  perfectly  double. 
Leda  is  perhaps  not  a  true  Damask,  but  a  very  dis- 
tinct and  pretty  variety,  with  white  flowers  edged 
with  pink,  "blanche  bordee  de  rose."     La  Ville  de 
Bruxelles  is  very  double,  of  a  bright  rose  colour, 
with    strong  foliage.     Mathilde    de   Mondeville   is 
one  of  the  sweetest  of  roses,  of  a  delicate  rosy  lilac 
fading  to  blush,  and  blooms   profusely.      Painted 
Damask,  in  some  soils,  may  have  that  quality  in- 
cated  by   its  name,    but    in  my  loamy  soil   it   is 
always  rose  coloured,  and  not  so  well  painted  as 
the  old  York  and  Lancaster,  which  is  often  striped, 
and  frequently  one-half  pink  and    the  other  half 
white,  thus  according  with  the  tradition,  that,  on 
the  extinction  of  the  feud   between   the  houses  of 
York  and  Lancaster,  this  rose  sprung  up,  wdth  the 
one  side  pink  and  the  other  white.     Monthly  Da- 
mask is  a  bright  pink,  blooming  in  clusters  and  re- 
peatedly during  the  season  if  in  rich  ground.     It  is 
a  general  favourite.      White  Monthly  Damask  is  not 
such  a  free  bloomer  as  the  former ;  these  bear  seed 
freely,  and  have  been  the  parents  of  many  of  the 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.         65 

roses  known  as  Perpetuals.  In  pruning  give  them 
the  same  treatment  as  directed  for  the  Provins  and 
Gallica  roses. 


HYBRID    CHINESE     ROSES. 

Until  within  a  few  years  this  division  of  the  rose 
was  entirely  unknown.  It  has  originated  from  seeds 
of  the  Bengal,  Tea,  and  Bourbon  roses,  impregnated 
with  ppllen  from  the  Provins,  Damask,  Centifolia, 
and  other  sorts  that  bloom  only  once  in  the  season. 
The  progeny  is  greatly  improved  in  growth,  foliage, 
colour,  and  form  of  flowers,  but  deficient  in  the  ever- 
blooming  tendency  of  one  of  the  parents.  This  de- 
ficiency, however,  is  amply  made  up  by  the  great 
beauty  of  the  flower,  its  habit,  and  diversity  of  bril- 
liant colours.  They  present  a  combination  of  the 
grand  and  beautiful,  which  must  be  seen  to  be  fully 
realized.  For  pillars  and  trellising  they  are  not  sur- 
passed ;  the  wood  of  many  of  them  is  very  luxuriant, 
growing  six  to  ten  feet  in  a  season;  the  foliage ^ 
too,  is  always  agreeable,  being  generally  of  a  rich 
glossy  green.  Others  are  dwarf,  and  very  com- 
pact in  their  habits  ;  in  fact  they  offer  every  shade 
of  colour  (none  yellow,  I  believe)  from  white  to 
6* 


66  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 


almost  black  ;  every  variety  of  growth  from  one  foot 
upward.  Some  of  them  seed  abundantly,  and  there 
is  no  end  to  the  variety  that  may  be  produced.  The 
greatest  difficulty  will  be  in  choosing  the  best. 
If  the  French  growers  would  only  extirpate  from 
their  seed-beds  every  plant  that  did  not  produce 
flowers  of  perfect  distinction  and  symmetry,  our 
perplexity  would  be  greatly  diminished ;  but  instead 
of  retaining  only  such,  they  introduce  to  our  notice 
some  distinguished  title  w^ith  a  rose  not  worth  a 
name.  The  group  is  also  being  demolished,  and 
ranking  under  "  Hybride  de  Bengale,  Hyhride  de 
JSToisette,  Hybride  d^Ile  de  Bourbon, "^"^  departing 
from  the  foundation  of  all  these,  which  is  Rosa  In- 
dica,  or  the  Chinese  Rose.  To  give  a  full  descrip- 
tion of  the  sorts  ranking  in  the  above  characters 
would  occupy  more  of  these  pages  than  is  allotted 
for  this  group,  and  we  will  content  ourselves  with 
naming  the  best.  A  Fleurs  Blanches,  Blanchefleur, 
or  White  Climbing  Globe  Unique,  pure  white,  as  its 
name  indicates,  is  a  very  free  grower,  flowers  per- 
fectly double  and  abundant.  Beauty  Bouquet,  very 
similar  to  the  former,  but  not  of  such  rapid  growth; 
the  flower  is  also  purer  and  more  compact.  Bec- 
quet  is  a  fine  variety,  with  bright  rosy-purple  flow- 
ers, perfectly  double  and  cup  formed.  Belle  Para- 
here  is  one  of  the  most  magnificent  roses  for  a  pillar, 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  67 


making  long  flexible  shoots,  very  luxuriant  rich  green 
foliage;  the  flowers  are  very  large,  finely  formed, 
of  a  violet  shaded  crimson,  and  fragrant.  Belle  The- 
resa produces  its  rich  dark  crimson  shaded  flowers 
in  clusters  finely  scented .  Bon  Ginneure,  very  bright 
red,  edged  with  violet,  perfectly  imbricated,  an  early 
and  profuse  bloomer,  beautiful.  Belle  Marie,  superb, 
large  bright  pink,  very  double,  cupped,  and  sweet 
scented.  Brennus,  or  St.  Brennus,  is  superb;  the 
flowers  are  extra  large,  of  a  glowing  red,  perfectly 
double  ;  it  makes  fine  shoots,  and  is  an  excellent 
pillar  plant ;  it  is  the  celebrated  Queen  Victoria  Rose 
of  Charleston,  S.  C.  Blairii  is  very  large  blush, 
with  a  rose-coloured  edge  ;  the  petals  are  very  stiff 
and  bold ;  the  buds  and  flowers  are  both  magnifi- 
cent; it  is  an  English  rose,  and  said  to  be  a  seed- 
ling from  the  common  Tea  Rose.  Catel  is  curiously 
shaded  with  red,  crimson,  and  purple  ;'  it  is  perfectly 
double,  of  dwarf  habit,  and  makes  a  beautiful 
bush.  Celicel  is  a  rosy  blush,  a  very  abundant 
bloomer ;  the  flowers  are  large  and  in  clusters ;  it 
seeds  freely;  and  promises  to  be  one  of  the  best  for 
hybridizing  with  other  sorts.  Chatelaine  and  Lan- 
zezure  appear  to  be  one  ;  shaded  lilac,  crimson, 
purple,  and  often  very  bright  red,  varying  very 
much  according  to  soil  and  situation;  the  flowers 
are  very  double,  large,  and  cupped ;  a  strong  grower. 


68  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

and  makes  a  fine  pillar  rose.  Cesonie  is  a  large  rosy- 
pink,  changing  to  blush,  perfectly  double,  and  makes 
a  splendid  dwarf  rose.  Cerisette  is  a  very  pretty  pro- 
fuse flowering  bright  red,  almost  approaching  a  scar- 
let ;  flowers  rather  small,  but  very  double  and  profuse. 
Coupe  d^Hebe,  "  Hebe's  Cup,"  is  a  delicate  pink, 
when  fully  expanded,  of  perfect  form,  large,  a  fine 
grower  and  profuse  bloomer,  with  large  glossy  green 
foliage,  and  makes  a  fine  pillar  plant.  Coup  <V 
Amour  is  very  pretty  and  very  perfect,  a  bright  rose 
colour,  and  a  dwarf  grower.  Due  de  Cases  is  a  large 
rosy  lilac  changing  to  purple,  very  double,  of  a 
strong  habit.  D^Andigne,  whether  on  its  own  roots 
or  grafted,  is  a  very  distinct  and  curiously  marked 
variety  ;  the  colours  are  a  violet  shaded  purple,  ap- 
proaching the  blue  more  than  any  other  rose  I  have 
seen ;  the  flowers  are  of  the  most  perfect  form,  and 
very  double  *  it  forms  a  handsome  plant,  either  as 
a  dwarf  or  standard.  Delice  de  Flandres  is  a  large 
delicate  pink,  very  distinct,  and  perfectly  double,  of 
strong  habit,  and  very  fragrant.  Egerie  is  a  bril- 
liant cherry  red,  perfectly  double,  of  rather  slender 
growth  and  very  distinct.  Emmeline  is  of  a  deli- 
cate flesh  colour  fading  to  lilac,  and  quite  double. 
Fulgens,  or  Malton,  of  the  French,  is  a  very  bright 
red,  or  carmine,  almost  approaching  scarlet;  flow- 
ers quite  double,  and  cupped ;  the  shoots  must  not 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  69 

be  pruned  very  close,  for  in  that  case  it  will  not 
show  a  bloom.  Fabvier,  or  Col.  Fahvier,  is  a  splen- 
did pink  changing  to  red;  flowers  imbricated,  large, 
and  very  double  ;  the  plant  forms  a  splendid  pillar, 
and  is  one  of  the  strongest  growing  hybrids.  Fleu- 
rette  is  a  pretty  pale  coloured  rose,  very  perfect,  but 
perhaps  too  small  for  the  general  taste  of  growers. 
GenH  Lamarque,  or  Lamarque  of  Luxembourg,  is  a 
bronzed  mottled  crimson  of  curious  shades,  a  large 
flower,  always  very  distinct,  perfectly  double,  and 
a  strong  grower.  George  the  Fourth,  or  Rivers'' 
George  the  Fourth,  is  an  old  but  splendid  variety, 
of  the  richest  crimson  colour,  always  perfect,  and 
fully  double,  of  cupped  form,  a  free  grower  in  rich 
soils,  and  makes  a  splendid  pillar  rose.  Mr.  Rivers, 
of  England,  a  celebrated  rose  grower,  raised  this 
variety  from  seed,  nearly  thirty  years  ago  ;  accord- 
ing to  his  own  history  of  the  plant,  it  came  up  in  a 
bed  of  seedlings,  unexpected,  and  without  any  act 
on  his  part  to  produce  it.  This  shows  that  superior 
varieties  maybe  grown  from  seeds  saved  indiscrimi- 
nately from  choice  sorts,  without  the  aid  of  hybrid- 
izing, which  I  wall  prove  still  more  clearly.  How- 
ever, through  the  manual  hybridizing  process  great 
improvements  have  been,  and  are  constantly  being 
made.  Georgia  is  an  old  distinct  variety,  being 
bright  rose,  with  white  edge,  large  and  fine,  but 


70  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

rather  tender  for  a  northern  latitude.  Grillony  is  a 
large  and  superb  rose,  of  a  slaty  colour  and  strong 
growth.  Hybride  Blanche  is  a  small  neat  white 
rose,  with  a  profusion  of  flowers.  Helvetius  is  of 
a  rosy-violet  colour,  very  large,  and  double  to  the 
centre.  La  JVayade  is  a  perfectly  formed  rose,  of  a 
delicate  rose  colour,  and  a  fine  bloomer.  V Ingenue 
is  a  shaded  dark  crimson,  very  double,  cupped,  fra- 
grant, and  is  a  free  grower.  La  Tourterelle,  Parni, 
or  the  Dove  Rose,  is  of  a  dark  lilac  colour,  perfect 
cupped  form,  a  large  and  early  flower,  grows  freely, 
and  makes  a  fine  pillar  plant ;  we  have  some  of 
such  fifteen  feet  high.  Louis  Philippe  is  a  splendid 
large  rose,  of  a  dark  rose  colour,  perfect  form,  blooms 
in  great  profusion,  and  appears  to  be  well  adapted 
for  trellis  work,  or  high  columns,  and  has  the  fra- 
grance of  the  Damask  Rose.  Lady  Stuart  is  a  de- 
licate pink,  of  perfect  globular  form,  very  double, 
and  apparently  a  free  grower.  Lord  JSTelson  is  quite 
a  new  variety,  a  strong  grower,  with  flowers  of  a 
distinct  dark  brown  velvety  colour,  very  double 
and  perfectly  formed.  Manteau,  dark  purplish 
crimson,  very  perfect,  and  frequently  striped.  PaU 
lagiy  Malton,  or  JYe  Plus  Ultra,  is  a  bright  rosy 
purple,  and  a  rapid  grower.  Petit  Pierre  is  a  large 
mottled  purplish  crimson,  perfect  in  form,  a  splen- 
did grower,  and  in  spite  of  the  diminutive  attached 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  71 

to  its  name,  it  produces  large  flowers.  Princess  pro- 
duces its  flowers  in  large  clusters ;  they  are  a  rich 
pink  edged  with  blush  ;  it  is  a  good  grower,  but 
will  not  suit  pillars.  Prolifere  is  very  appropriately 
named,  being  very  prolific,  indeed,  one  sheet  of 
flowers,  of  a  dark  rose  colour  changing  to  violet, 
finely  and  perfectly  formed,  and  very  fragrant.  Stadt- 
holder,  or  Stadtholder  Sinensis,  of  some,  is  a  beauti- 
ful clear  pink,  very  perfect  in  its  form,  and  is,  per^- 
haps,  mote  of  a  Hybrid  Provins  than  Chinese ;  it 
makes  a  beautiful  standard  or  dwarf.  Sandeur  Pa- 
nache, or  King  of  Hybrids,  is  unique  in  this  class, 
having  all  its  flowers  beautifully  and  distinctly 
spotted  and  striped ;  they  are  perfectly  double,  and 
finely  cupped ;  the  plant  makes  a  good  pillar,  but 
must  not  have  its  shoots  cut  short,  or  it  will  not 
produce  a  flower ;  tie  the  strong  ones  the  full  length, 
jyid  cut  out  the  weak  or  old  wood.  Sextes  Popinas, 
bright  red,  very  compact,  changing  to  pink;  a  late 
bloomer.  Tuscany,  or  Tuscany  JYoisette,  although 
the  latter  name  would  lead  us  to  believe  it  a  Noi- 
sette Rose,  is  purely  a  hybrid,  blooming  only  once^ 
producing  its  rich  dark  crimson  flowers  in  large 
clusters.  Triomphe  d'^Jingers  is  a  very  large  and 
perfectly  double  shaded  purple  crimson,  an  excel- 
lent grower  and  great  bloomer.  Vandael  is  a  rosy 
purple  changing  to  violet- crimson,  having  all  these 


72  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

shades  in  the  same  flower,  which  is  large,  perfect, 
fragrant,  and  a  free  grower.  Velours,  or  Violet 
Episcopaly  is  of  a  velvety  crimson  colour  fading  to 
purple,  is  perfectly  formed,  a  free  bloomer,  fragrant, 
and  makes  a  splendid  pillar  rose.  Victor  Hugo  is 
a  perfect  picture  when  in  bloom,  of  a  cherry  red 
changing  to  a  rosy  violet-colour,  handsomely  imbri- 
cated, fragrant  and  profuse,  a  strong  grower,  with 
rich  green  foliage.  Violet  de  Belgique  is  one  of 
those  very  distinct  bluish  violet- coloured  flowers, 
that  is  indispensable  in  any  collection,  perfect  in  its 
form  and  profuse  of  bloom.  It  will  grow  to  any 
height,  and  in  one  season  will  make  shoots  twelve 
feet  long.  Watts^  Celestial  is  of  a  delicate  rose 
colour,  the  petals  all  curving  inwards,  forming  a 
regularly  cupped  flower ;  it  is  an  old  variety  that 
has  flourished  under  several  names,  viz  : — Watts'' 
Climbing  China,  Flora  Perfocta,  Rachel,  and  I  be- 
lieve some  others.  Wellington  is  also  an  old  variety, 
but  retains  its  fine  globular  character  to  the  very 
last;  its  rich  crimson  colour  and  dwarf  habit  make 
it  very  desirable. 

The  above  have  been  selected  from  the  many 
now  cultivated,  and  we  venture  again  to  repeat  that 
there  is  no  plant  to  excel  them  for  ornamenting 
lawns,  grass  plats,  fences,  arbours,  outbuildings,  or 
any  other  situation.     Their  diversity  of  form,  habit, 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  73 


and  colour,  may  be  exhibited  in  many  ways.  Varie- 
gated pillars  or  columns  may  be  formed  by  planting  a 
pink,  a  red,  and  a  crimson  together,  or  a  white  and 
red ;  the  combinations  can  be  formed  to  meet  the 
views  of  any  taste.  When  a  strong  growth  is  re- 
quired the  soil  should  be  dugout  two  feet  deep,  and 
two  to  three  feet  in  diameter  for  each  plant,  and  the 
space  filled  up  with  very  rich  earth  composed  of  loam, 
decayed  manure,  and  sand  in  nearly  equal  propor- 
tions ;  finish  with  the  .new  soil  six  or  eight  inches 
above  ground  to  allow  for  settling.  For  a  varie- 
gated pillar  choose  plants  of  the  same  growth,  and 
plant  them  in  a  rectangular  form,  allowing  the  pole 
or  pillar  to  occupy  the  centre.  The  first  season 
after  planting  they  should  be  watered  twice  a  week 
in  dry  weather ;  if  watering  cannot  be  attended  to, 
cover  the  soil  with  three  or  four  inches  of  manure. 
For  pillars  or  trellising,  plants  on  their  own  roots 
are  the  best.  The  pruning  of  these  requires  to  be 
performed  in  a  very  different  manner  from  that  usual 
for  the  generality  of  roses.  Those  plants  that  make 
very  long  shoots  should  have  only  about  a  foot  or 
two  of  the  tops  cut  off,  the  wood  of  three  or  four 
years  old  thinned  out,  and  the  short  shoots  or  twigs 
cut  in  to  within  two  eyes  of  the  preceding  year's 
growth.  They  require  to  be  tied  to  a  strong  post ; 
if  permanency  is  the  object,  use  red  cedar  or  locust 
7 


74  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

for  the  purpose  ;  in  the  country,  where  wood  is  plen- 
ty, any  sapling  can  be  taken;  if  three  or  six  inches 
of  the  branches  are  left  on  it,  the  effect  will  be  im- 
proved. Although  rich  soil  is  strongly  recommended 
for  these  roses,  they  will  nevertheless  do  on  any 
soil.  I  have  seen  them  in  the  very  poorest  earth 
make  fine  bushes  w^hen  they  can  be  pruned  as  com- 
mon garden  roses,  only  the  luxuriant  beauty  of  the 
foliage,  and  the  large  size  of  the  flowers  will  be  lost. 
It  must  be  admitted  that  plants,  trees,  and  shrubs, 
grown  and  protected  by  nature,  are  in  their  greatest 
beauty,  and  bring  forth  their  flowers,  fruits,  and 
seeds  to  perfection  ;  yet  while  this  is  conceded,  we 
say  that  those  plants  brought  up  and  nurtured  by 
art,  under  every  exciting  cause,  to  produce  the 
greatest  amount  of  wood,  foliage,  flowers,  and  fruits, 
also  require  skilful  assistance  in  depriving  them  of 
their  superabundance  to  keep  them  within  bounds, 
and  lead  them  to  the  space  they  are  intended  to  oc- 
cupy. The  period  best  adapted  for  pruning  is  sub- 
ject to  various  opinions  ;  but  extensive  practice  and 
sound  judgment  give  the  preference  to  the  months 
of  November  and  December.  Pruning  in  the  spring 
should  be  avoided,  as  the  sap  is  then  drawn  to- 
wards the  extremities  of  the  shoots,  and  when  these 
are  shortened  the  lower  buds  will  be  found  more 
dormant,  and  will  require  some  time  to  move,  where- 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  75 

as  by  fall  pruning,  the  sap  in  the  spring  flows  in- 
stantly to  the  buds  that  are  left  on  the  plant,  which 
are  at  once  strengthened,  and  prepared  to  push  out 
as  early  as  the  season  will  permit.  The  first  sea- 
son after  roses  are  transplanted  they  should  be  wa- 
tered once  or  twice  a  week  in  dry  weather,  or  should 
have  placed  all  round  the  plant,  moss  or  manure,  to 
prevent  evaporation,  or  the  sun  from  parching  the 
earth  and  drying  the  young  rootlets.  It  is  lament- 
able to  see  the  destruction  of  plants  the  first  sea- 
son, from  mere  carelessness  and  want  of  attention ; 
whereas  a  few  judicious  waterings  would  have  pre- 
vented the  loss. 


PLANTING. 

We  have  advocated  November  and  December  as 
the  best  period  for  pruning ;  these  are  also  the  best 
months  for  planting  all  kinds  of  roses  of  the  hardy 
sorts  that  bloom  once  a  year,  or  what  are  termed 
"Hardy  Garden  Roses,"  unless  the  soil  be  of  a  wet 
and  retentive  nature;  in  such  case  the  planting 
should  be  deferred  till  spring.  The  ground  must 
be  well  prepared  by  deep  digging,  and  well  incor- 
porated with  old  rotten  manure,  decayed  leaves,  or 


76  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

soil  brought  from  the  woods.  I  am  aware  that 
some  of  my  southern  and  western  friends  will 
smile  at  this  recommendation;  for  their  soils  are 
from  three  to  twelve  feet  deep,  and  will  grow 
roses,  without  any  artificial  means,  for  the  next 
century;  but  these  suggestions  are  only  offered 
to  those  who  need  them.  Before  the  operation  is 
begun  the  mind  should  be  made  up  on  the  proper 
disposition  of  the  plants;  avoid  crowding,  avoid 
formality,  avoid  hurry.  Crowding  plants  together 
is  injurious  in  every  respect.  If  space  is  limited, 
choose  the  fewer  sorts,  or  distribute  the  inferior 
sorts  to  hedge  rows  or  fences,  and  put  only  the  best 
that  can  be  had,  where  they  are  to  form  a  perma- 
nent attraction.  Formality  of  design  attracts  atten- 
tion for  a  time,  but  the  eye  soon  wearies  of  it. 
The  most  interesting  disposition,  and  one  that  will 
offer  the  greatest  variety,  is  to  plant  the  whites, 
blushes,  pinks,  roses,  reds,  crimsons,  and  purples, 
each  into  separate  clumps,  figures,  or  patches;  and 
to  carry  out  a  grand  arrangement,  let  each  division 
of  the  rose  have  its  appropriate  locality.  This 
Rosary  can  be  formed  on  any  piece  of  ground, 
from  a  quarter  of  an  acre  to  any  required  extent, 
either  on  the  lawn  or  any  other  spot  for  the  pur- 
pose. Let  the  ground  be  laid  down  in  grass,  or  if 
it  is  there  already  so  much  the  better ;  then  cut  out 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  77 


on  the  grass  the  various  figures  that  may  be  re- 
quired, giving  every  plant  from  two  to  four  feet  of 
room.  With  these  few  hints  the  reader  will  see  that 
such  an  arrangement  will  form  a  scene  of  enchant- 
ment that  language  cannot  portray.  It  is  not  ne- 
cessary to  remove  the  old  soil;  very  decayed  ma- 
nure (with  an  addition  of  road  or  river  sand  to  heavy 
soils)  well  incorporated  with  it,  twelve  to  eighteen 
inches  deep,  is  all  that  is  required. 


GROWING  ROSES  FROM  SEED. 

To  the  amateur  this  opens  a  field  of  very  inte- 
resting amusement.  It  is  an  object  which  may 
profitably  occupy  every  leisure  moment.  The  time 
spent  upon  impregnating,  saving  the  seed,  sowing, 
and  watching  every  movement  of  the  plant,  till  it 
develops  its  beauties  of  inflorescence,  will  be  am- 
ply compensated  should  the  rose  prove  of  new 
character.  If  not  w^orthy,  it  is  at  least  a  good 
stock  to  be  used  in  budding  or  grafting  upon,  and 
even  then  causes  no  loss.  In  the  centre  of  many 
roses  there  is  a  number  of  thready  filaments  sur- 
mounted by  what  botanists  term  anthers  ;  these  are 
small  oval  forms  which,  when  ripe,  contain  a  quan- 
7* 


78  EOSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 


tity  of  pollen  or  yellow  dust,  which  can  easily  be 
perceived  between  the  finger  and  the  thumb  after 
giving  them  a  gentle  pressure.  This  pollen,  though 
to  the  naked  eye  a  fine  powder,  and  light  enough  to 
be  wafted  along  by  the  air,  is  very  curiously  formed, 
and  varies  exceedingly  in  different  plants.  Under 
the  microscope  each  grain  of  it  in  the  rose  is  a  mem- 
branous round  bag,  which  remains  entire,  and  can 
be  kept  dry  and  perfect  for  days  and  weeks.  On 
its  application  to  the  moist  tip  of  the  pistil  (which 
in  the  rose  is  a  stiff  protuberance  in  the  very  centre 
of  the  flower),  it  bursts  w^ith  great  force.  When 
flowers  are  designed  to  be  operated  upon,  the  one 
intended  to  produce  the  seed  should  be  deprived  of 
its  anthers  early  in  the  morning,  which  can  readily 
be  done  with  a  pair  of  fine  scissors  ;  then  during 
the  day,  or  within  two  days,  take  a  fine  camel  hair 
pencil,  and  obtain,  about  noon,  the  pollen  or  dust 
from  the  plant  or  plants  with  which  you  intend  to 
make  the  cross,  and  apply  this  dust  to  the  pistil  of 
the  roses  from  which  you  have  previously  extracted 
the  anthers.  It  will  require  some  practice  before 
proficiency  can  be  attained  in  the  operation,  but  a 
little  attention  will  insure  some  success.  The  or- 
gans are  fit  for  the  operation  when  the  pistil  has  a 
glutinous  appearance  on  its  summit,  and  the  pollen 
is  dry  and  powdery.     The  flowers  may  be  one  or 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  79 

two  days  old ;  rain  is  fatal  to  the  operation — dry 
weather,  therefore,  must  be  chosen.  Patience  and 
assiduity  can  accomplish  wonders  in  this  department 
of  rose  culture  ;  the  persevering  efforts  of  the  French 
cultivators  have  been  so  very  successful  within  the 
last  ten  years  that  we  do  not  at  all  despair  of  see- 
ing a  yellow  Moss,  a  yellow  Provins  Rose,  or  even 
striped  roses,  combining  every  shade  from  white  to 
black,  and  there  is  no  reason  why  there  should  not 
be  produced  a  perpetual  blooming  climbing  Moss 
Rose  of  any  colour  at  present  known  in  the  family 
of  the  rose.  A  few  years  ago  w^e  did  not  anticipate 
such  a  rose  as  the  yellow  Persian,  and  w^e  have  no 
doubt  of  there  yet  being  Perpetual  blooming  Yellow 
Roses  of  as  bright  a  colour. 

The  seeds  will  be  ripe  about  the  first  of  Novem- 
ber, and  can  be  retained  in  the  capsule  or  fruit  till 
the  time  of  sowing,  taking  the  precaution  to  bury 
them  in  sand,  where  they  will  be  safe  from  the  de- 
predations of  mice,  who  are  very  fond  of  them. 
Early  in  the  spring,  choose  a  sheltered  spot  in  the 
garden,  free  from  the  shade  or  drip  of  trees ;  enrich 
and  break  up  the  soil  very  fine,  make  the  surface 
quite  smooth,  take  the  hips  from  their  winter  quar- 
ters, break  up  the  fruit,  and  sow  the  seeds  thinly  and 
evenly  on  the  soil ;  take  the  back  of  the  spade,  or  a 
board,  and  press  the  seed  level  with  the  ground, 


80  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

then  cover  them  with  about  one-fourth  to  one-half 
of  an  inch  of  sand;  if  sand  cannot  be  obtained 
take  leaf  mould,  or  soil  from  the  woods,  finely  sifted, 
for  the  purpose ;  in  dry  weather  give  occasional 
waterings.  Many  of  the  seeds  will  come  up  the 
first  year,  and  the  balance  will  make  their  appear- 
ance in  the  second;  the  third  year  they  can  be 
transplanted  to  beds  or  rows  to  remain  till  they 
bloom,  which  will  generally  be  the  fourth  or  fifth 
year.  It  is  truly  astonishing  to  see  the  variety  pro- 
duced. Red  and  white,  rose  and  pink  may  all  be 
seen  springing  from  seeds  of  the  same  plant,  and 
from  single  to  the  most  double.  None  but  such  as 
are  of  the  finest  form,  very  prolific,  and  possessing 
a  good  habit,  should  be  reserved  for  culture.  Our 
climate  is  so  favourable  to  the  maturing  of  seed 
that  there  is  no  reason  why  we  should  not  only 
equal,  but  surpass,  any  European  country  in  the 
cultivation  of  this  "  Queen  of  Flowers." 

The  blooming  of  seedlings  can  be  readily  hast- 
ened where  time  and  convenience  will  admit.  As 
soon  as  the  young  plants  have  made  three  or  four 
leaves,  lift  them  very  carefully  from  the  seed-bed 
with  a  transplanting  trowel,  and  put  them  in  pots 
of  rich  light  earth ;  then  place  them  in  the  shade 
and  give  a  gentle  watering  and  sprinkling  over  the 
leaves  for  a  few  weeks,  when  they  may  be  planted 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  81 

into  the  ground  to  remain.  I  have  in  this  way 
grown  plants  eighteen  inches  high  the  first  season. 
They  will,  by  this  method,  generally  bloom  the  third 
year.  The  seeds  are  covered  with  a  thick  tough 
shell,  which,  if  allowed  to  get  perfectly  dry,  and 
kept  in  that  state  for  a  considerable  period,  will 
take  two  years  to  germinate,  and  perhaps  not  grow 
at  all.  Regular  moisture  appears  to  be  indispensable 
for  keeping  the  shell  soft  and  exciting  the  embryo 
plant  into  growth.  The  seeds  are  on  this  account 
providentially  furnished  with  a  fleshy  pericarp  (hip) 
to  prevent  their  becoming  too  dry  for  germination, 
while  nearly  all  other  seeds  do  not  germinate  well 
unless,  dried  before  sowing. 


PROPAGATION  OF  GARDEN  OR  JUNE  ROSES. 

There  are  three  modes,  within  the  reach  of  all, 
for  the  propagation  of  these  roses,  namely,  by  lay- 
ering, budding,  and  grafting.  Layering,  wherever 
it  can  be  accomplished,  is  preferable,  and  will  pro- 
duce the  most  permanent  plants.  There  are  two 
methods  of  performing  the  operation;  the  one  we 
prefer  is  as  follows:— In  the  month  of  July,  or  two 
first  weeks  of  August,  look  over  the  plants  required 


82  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

to  be  propagated,  and  take  any  of  the  young  shoots 
that  have  made  eighteen  inches  or  two  feet  in 
length,  bend  them  gently  to  the  ground,  and  make 
fast  by  a  peg,  stone,  or  block ;  they  will  in  a  few- 
days  take  a  set  in  this  form ;  then  under  the  part 
that  has  come  in  contact  with  the  soil  make  a  hole 
four  inches  deep,  and  about  the  same  width ;  have 
a  portion  of  prepared  sandy  rich  loam  (if  your 
soil  is  not  naturally  such)  at  hand ;  bend  the  shoot 
in  the  hole,  and  look  for  a  bud  so  situated  as  to 
come  about  three  inches  under  the  surface ;  then 
take  a  very  sharp  knife  and  commence  by  cutting 
off  all  the  leaves  that  will  be  under  ground ;  intro- 
duce the  blade  just  below  the  bud  and  cut  upwards 
so  as  to  cut  about  half-way  through,  and  make  a 
slit  about  two  inches  long,  thereby  forming  what 
gardeners  call  a  "  tongue;"  this  should  be  done  at 
the  side  or  back  part  of  the  shoot,  and  to  prevent 
the  tongue  from  closing,  introduce  a  portion  of  the 
soil,  or  a  chip  of  any  hard  substance,  which  w^ill 
keep  it  open,  then  lay  it  carefully  in  the  space  pre- 
pared, and  fill  up  with  the  fresh  compost,  leaving 
the  top  of  the  shoot  in  as  upright  a  position  as  pos- 
sible ;  to  finish,  make  it  fast  to  a  small  rod  to  pre- 
vent the  wind  from  blowing  it  about.  The  tongue 
should  not  be  in  the  very  spot  that  forms  the  bow, 
as  thereby  the  branch  would  be  too  much  weakened ; 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  83 

the  lower  eye  of  the  upright  portion  of  the  shoot  is 
the  most  successful  spot.  When  the  whole  is  done, 
place  the  stone  or  block  on  the  surface,  over  the 
layer,  which  will  prevent  the  sun  from  drying  the 
earth,  and  greatly  facilitate  the  growth  of  the  roots. 
In  the  month  of  November  the  layers  that  are  rooted 
may  be  taken  off,  and  either  potted  as  required,  or 
planted  out  where  they  are  to  remain,  heading  down 
the  shoot  to  within  three  or  four  eyes  of  the  surface. 
Those  that  are  not  rooted  will  have  to  remain  an- 
other year;  prune  them  the  same  as  directed  for  the 
parent  plant.  If  the  operation  by  layering  is  not 
performed  in  the  summer  it  can  be  done  in  Feb- 
ruary, March,  or  April,  before  the  plant  has  begun  to 
grow,  observing  the  same  directions  as  given  above. 
About  Philadelphia  we  have  pots  made  about  four 
inches  wide  and  deep,  with  a  cut  in  the  side  where- 
in we  place  the  layer,  and  either  plunge  the  pot  en- 
tirely under  ground,  set  it  on  the  surface  or  elevate 
it  as  required  ;  if  in  the  two  latter  positions,  we  wa- 
ter it  freely  every  evening,  and  cover  it  with  moss 
or  some  other  litter,  to  prevent,  as  much  as  possible, 
the  sun  from  affecting  it.  We  also  make  boxes  for 
the  same  purpose,  w^herein  to  lay  shoots  from  the 
Standard  or  Tree  Roses. 


84  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 


PROPAGATION    BY    BUDDING. 

Budding,  within  these  few  years  past,  has  greatly 
increased  in  nursery  practice,  and  multiplied  the 
plants  to  a  wonderful  extent ;  it  is  the  favourite 
mode  with  the  French  growers,  and  on  the  stock 
which  they  use,  plants  will  grow  for  half  a  century. 
I  have  seen  them  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Paris,  like 
large  trees,  with  stems  six  inches  in  diameter,  and 
heads  thirty  feet  in  circumference.  To  cultivate 
them  in  such  perfection  they  use  every  kind  of  en- 
riching matter,  which  they  freely  apply  every  year. 
Almost  every  rose  can  be  propagated  by  budding ; 
indeed,  I  may  say,  that  every  variety  can  be  multi- 
plied in  that  way,  and  form  handsome  plants,  when 
on  strong  stocks,  in  one  year.  For  some  of  the 
kinds  it  is  the  only  resort,  as  they  are  difficult  to 
manage  by  either  layering  or  grafting.  Some  of 
the  Perpetual  Roses  rarely  form  roots  when  laid,  but 
bud  freely.  Budding  may  be  easily  described  so  as 
to  be  understood  by  the  initiated,  but  as  it  is  to  the 
unpractised  hand  that  we  pretend  to  give  our  feeble 
instructions,  we  will  endeavour  to  omit  no  detail, 
even  at  the  risk  of  being  too  minute.  The  opera- 
tion may  be  performed  with  any  sharp  thin-bladed 
knife,  though  one  for  the  purpose,  called  a  ^*  bud- 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 


85 


ding-knife,"  with  a  thin  ivory  handle,  is  best  for 
the  purpose.  It  should  be  inserted  about  half  an 
inch  above  the  bud,  and  passing  about  one-third  of 
the  way  through  the  wood  of  the  shoot,  come  out 
again  about  the  same  distance  below  it,  the  cut  being 
as  clean  as  possible.  The  portion  of  the  bark  in 
the  centre  of  which  the  bud  is  situated,  is  called  the 
shield,  and  when  removed  it  contains  a  portion  of 
the  wood,  which  is  to  be  carefully  removed  with 
the  point  of  the  knife,  as  shown  in  figure  1  ;*  if  the 
wood  is  dry,  and  does  not  separate  readily,  it  is  a 
sign  the  bud  is  too  old,  and  it  should  be  rejected. 
Fig.  1.  Fig.  2.  Fig.  3. 


•  The  Bengal,  Tea,  Bourbon,  and  some  other  free  growing 
kinds,  may  be  successfully  budded  without  removing  the  wood ; 
in  such  cases  it  is  better  to  cut  the  bud  a  little  tliiimer,  and  not 
so  long ;  in  this  way  they  have  been  known  to  make  a  growth 
and  flower  within  six  weeks  after  the  operation. 

8 


86  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 

When  the  wood  is  too  old  or  too  young,  the  shield 
may  be  taken  off  only   about  one-quarter  of  the 
way  through  the  shoot,  and  inserted  into  the  stock 
without  removing  the  portion  of  the  wood  it  con- 
tains ;   this   method,  particularly  with  very  young 
shoots,  is  very  successful.     If  it  is  necessary  to 
transport  the  buds  some  distance,  this  may  be  safely 
done  by  cutting  a  portion  of  the  shoot,  and  after 
stripping  off  the  foliage,  wrap  it  up  in  damp  moss, 
a  few  large  leaves,  or  wet  paper,  and  it  may  then 
be  kept  for  three  or  four  days.     In  applying  the  bud 
to  the  stock  an  incision  is  to  be  made  lengthways 
through  the  bark  (but  not  so  as  to  injure  the  wood), 
about  an  inch  in  length,  and  this  is  to  be  diagonally 
crossed  at  the  top  by  another  incision,  as  shown  in 
fig.  2.     The  thin  ivory  handle,  or  back  of  the  knife, 
should  then  be  used  to  raise  the  bark,  as  shown  in 
fig.  3,  and  the  shield  inserted  within,  gently  press- 
ing it  to  the  bottom  of  the  perpendicular  incision ; 
when  it  is  properly  placed,  the  portion  of  it  above 
the  diagonal  cross  should  be  cut  off  as  in  fig.  4, 
and  great  care  should  be  taken  that  it  is  in  close 
contact  with  the  wood  of  the  stock.     When  this  is 
done  bind  it  up  with  damp  matting,  or  cotton  twist, 
all  except  the  bud,  (see  fig.  5,)  which  must  be  left 
free  to  the  air,  but  protected  from  the  powerful  ac- 
tion of  either  the  sun  or  wet,  either  of  which  would 
defeat  the  whole  operation.     In  eight  or  ten  days 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 


87 


Fig.  4. 


Fis.  5. 


the  success  of  the  operation  will  be  known,  and  in 
two  or  three  wrecks  the  bandages  must  be  loosened, 
though  not  entirely  taken  way.  From  June  to  the 
middle  of  September  budding  maybe  done,  choosing 
always  cloudy  weather;  or  a  few  days  after  a  heavy 
rain;  but  for  limited  operations  any  evening  may 
be  chosen,  ahvays  following  the  indication  of  the 
free  parting  of  the  wood  from  the  bark,  for  if  the 
bark  does  not  rise  with  facility  the  buds  are  liable 
to  perish  for  want  of  a  due  supply  of  nourishment. 
The  buds  should  always  be  selected  from  vigorous 
young  wood  that  has  never  flowered.  About  the 
end  of  October  the  plant  should  be  cut  down  to 
within  a  foot  of  where  the  operation  has  been  per- 
formed, which  will  greatly  tend  to  strengthen  both 
the  tree  and  buds  that  have  taken.  In  the  follow- 
ing spring  all  the  stocks  should  be  deprived  of  their 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 


superfluous  wood;  observe,  however,  to  leave  one  bud 
or  eye  above  the  inserted  bud,  which  will  greatly 
assist  its  growth  till  it  has  made  a  few  leaves,  and 
is  fit  to  perform  the  functions  of  vegetable  life,  when 
the  natural  shoot  must  be  cut  off.  As  the  new  plant 
grows  have  it  carefully  supported,  for  one  gust  of 
wind  in  a  moment  of  time,  will  decapitate  the  most 
cherished  object. 


PROPAGATING    BY    GRAFTING. 

This  method  of  propagation  with  the  rose  is  of 
recent  introduction,  but  is  now  practised  to  a  great 
extent  by  the  nurseryman,  in  the  forcing  house  in 
January  and  February,  and  in  the  open  air  in 
March  and  April ;  but  in  the  southern  states  the 
out-door  work  will  require  to  be  done  in  February. 
The  mode  now  considered  as  the  most  eligible  is 
what  is  termed  "  whip  grafting,"  without  the  slit 
or  tongue,  generally  practised,  which  weakens  the 
scion  of  the  rose.  The  stock  which  is  to  be  used 
may  be  of  any  thickness  under  one  inch,  but  the 
nearer  it  approaches  the  size  of  the  shoot  that  is  to 
be  used,  the  better,  as  it  will  increase  the  chance  of 
success.  Cut  off  the  head  of  the  stock  at  the  de- 
sired height,  enter  the  knife  at  a  smooth  part  about 
three  inches  from  the  top,  and  cut  upwards  at  an 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.         89 


acute  angle.  Having  the  scion  prepared  in  lengths 
of  about  four  inches,  take  one  and  slope  the  bottom 
of  it  so  as  to  fit  the  stock,  that  the  inner  rinds  of 
both  may  exactly  correspond,  especially  on  the 
outer  side  and  bottom ;  the  union  is  formed  first  by 
the  rind,  or  sap,  which  is  directly  between  the  bark 
and  wood,  and  if  they  are  not  placed  in  contact, 
failure  is  certain.  Let  the  graft  be  carefully  held 
in  its  due  position,  and  secure  it  with  cotton  twist, 
Russia  matting,  or  threads  of  worsted,  whichever 
is  most  convenient ;  then  cover  the  bandage  with 
well  wrought  clay,  or  grafting  wax,  which  is  made 
as  follows  : — Two  ounces  beeswax,  one  ounce  tal- 
low, four  ounces  common  pitch,  twelve  ounces  Bur- 
gundy pitch,  all  melted  together,  and  used  when 
warm,  with  a  brush.  When  the  operation  is  per- 
formed close  to  the  ground,  or  even  under  the  sur- 
face, draw  up  earth  all  round,  after  the  graft  is  pro- 
perly tied,  leaving  one  or  two  buds  above.  This 
method  is  not  only  convenient,  and  in  many  instances 
preferable,  but  more  to  be  depended  upon.  There 
are  also  two  other  methods  of  grafting  frequently 
practised,  called  cleft-grafting,  and  rind- grafting, 
(the  former  once  in  high  repute,)  but  the  high  winds 
are  very  liable  to  break  them  off,  and  they  do  not 
make  such  a  fine  finish  as  the  method  above  de- 
scribed. The  grafts  will  have  taken  when  they  be 
8* 


90 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 


gin  to  grow  freely ;  the  bandages  may  then  be  un- 
loosed and  tied  over  again,  to  allow  for  the  swelling 
of  the  wood.  Give  them  a  stake  for  support,  tying 
them  to  it  to  prevent  accidents  from  the  wind. 
Do  not  allow  any  shoots  to  come  up  from  the  stock. 
The  best  kinds  of  stocks  to  use  are  the  Sweet  Brier, 
Dog  Rose,  Madame  d'Arblay,  or  Noisette  Reuse 
Blanc.  The  Boursault  Roses  are  very  frequently 
worked  upon,  but  they  are  short-lived  and  thin 
barked.    A  rose  that  has  a  strong  bark  is  preferable. 


A  Standard  Rose  trained  umbrella  form. 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM*  THE  WHOLE 

SEASON. 


NOISETTE    ROSES. 

If  in  Pliny's  time  the  beauty  of  the  rose  was  con- 
ceded by  all,  and  its  praises  sung  in  undying  strains 
by  Roman  poets,  how  can  we  of  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury, who  have  seen  this  gem  of  nature  brought  to 
such  perfection,  and  blooming  in  endless  variety 
from  the  dawn  of  spring  to  the  frosts  of  winter, 
sufficiently  admire  it.^  how  can  we  adequately  cele- 
brate its  merits.^  The  roses  of  June,  though  sur- 
prisingly splendid,  are  past  and  gone  within  the 
space  of  a  month,  and  even  during  some  of  our 
warmest  weather,  a  plant  wull  not  be  in  perfection 
over  one  week,  unless  by  extra  care  and  protection. 
But  through  the  ever  fruitful  and  wonderfully  sup- 
plying sources  of  nature,  aided  by  art,  we  have 
"  roses  of  all  hue,"  from  June  to  January,  equally 
as  rich  in  colour,  and  of  as  pleasing  a  fragrance  as 
any  of  those  of  ancient  times.     This  country  has 


« 


92  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

contributed  her  quota  to  the  grand  Floral  Temple, 
in  raising  the  first  plant  known  under  the  name 
which  heads  this  article.  The  original  rose  was 
grown  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  by  Mr.  Noi- 
sette, about  the  year  1815,  and  sent  by  him  to  his 
brother,  then  a  nurseryman  in  Paris.  It  created  a 
great  excitement  among  the  Parisian  rose  fanciers, 
and  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  production  of  the 
common  China  Rose  and  White  Musk  Cluster. 
Since  its  introduction  thousands  have  been  raised 
and  hybridized  from  it,  till  the  progeny  has  become 
so  much  amalgamated  with  the  Tea,  Bengal,  and 
Bourbon  Roses,  that  the  division,  I  may  say,  is  not 
to  be  recognized.  We  often  see  a  new  sort  named 
Tea,  which,  after  being  fully  tested,  proves  to  have 
the  habit  of  a  Noisette,  of  which  the  leading  feature 
is  the  clustering  of  its  buds  and  flowers  ;  it  is  also 
either  always  of  a  dwarf  or  a  rampant  habit.  They 
are  generally  in  this  latitude  perfectly  hardy ;  all 
are  so  in  the  south,  and  few  or  none  hardy  enough 
to  bear  the  rigour  of  our  Eastern  or  Northern  States, 
The  profusion  and  perpetual  succession  of  their 
flowers  produced  in  immense  clusters,  frequently 
from  fifty  to  one  hundred  in  each,  make  them 
superbly  ornamental  objects,  calculated  for  columns, 
pillars,  fences,  or  trellis  work.  Although  hardy 
here,  they  still  are  benefitted   by  a  light  protection 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.  93 

of  straw,  mats,  litter,  or  branches,  which  should  be 
gradually  removed  in  the  spring  after  the  frost  is 
entirely  out  of  the  ground.  In  the  south  they  re- 
quire nothing  but  pruning  to  keep  them  within 
bounds,  and  if  the  ground  is  sandy  or  poor  they 
must  have  a  regular  annual  dressing  about  their 
roots  with  very  old  manure,  or  some  enriching  mat- 
ter. Among  the  many  the  following  will  embrace 
the  best  and  most  distinct.  The  flowers  vary  much 
in  size,  from  one  to  four  inches  ;  I  will  consider  that 
two  inches  is  the  medium  size.  Jibbe  Meillon,  very 
perfect  rosy  red,  of  dwarf  growth,  and  profuse 
bloomer.  Jilba  is  a  pure  white,  of  small  size,  but 
blooms  most  profusely :  it  never  exceeds  three  feet 
in  height,  and  makes  a  beautiful  dwarf  bush,  re- 
quiring very  little  support.  Alzand,  pale  pink,  very 
double,  with  fine  large  petals,  fragrant,  and  of  me- 
dium growth.  Jiimee  Vibert,  or  JVevia,  is  a  beauti- 
ful pure  white,  perfect  in  form,  a  profuse  bloomer, 
but  though  quite  hardy,  does  not  grow  freely  with 
us  ;  however,  when  budded  on  a  strong  stock  it 
makes  a  magnificent  standard,  and  blooms  with  a 
profusion  not  surpassed  by  any ;  this  very  exquisite 
variety  was  grown  from  seed  of  a  rose  that  blooms 
only  once  in  the  season  (Sempervirens  Pleno)  by  J. 
P.  Vibert,  of  Lonjeameaux,  near  Paris,  who  has 
grown  many  very  superb  roses  from  seed.     When 


94         ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

I  visited  him,  in  1839,  whilst  discoursing  upon  roses, 

he  directed  ray  attention  with   great   enthusiasm  to 

this  plant,  and  said,  "  Celle  ci  est  si   belle,  que  je 

lui  ai  donne  le  nom  de  ma  fille  cherie — Aimee  Vi- 

bert."     This  enthusiasm  can  be  easily  understood 

by  those  who,  like   myself,  have  been   so  fortunate 

as  to  see  the  two  "  Aimee   Viberts  " — the  rose  and 

the  young  girl,  both  in  their  full  bloom,  and  both  as 

lovely  as  their  sweet  name.     In  the  southern  states 

it  grows  freely,  and  is  a  profuse  bloomer  during  the 

fall  months.     Aurora^    straw-colour,    very  double, 

petals,  fringed.     A  strong  grower  similar  to  Jaune 

Desprez — fragrant.      Belle   Marseillaise  is  a  very 

dark  variety,  approaching  crimson,  perfectly  double 

and  distinct.     Boulogne  is  one  of  the  darkest  of  the 

family,  approaching  a  violet  colour ;  though  a  small 

flower,  it  is   very  perfect   and  a  profuse  bloomer. 

Belle  D^Esquermes    and    Camellia  Rouge  are  the 

same,  and  is   an   excellent  pillar  rose,  of  a  very 

distinct  bright  red  fading  to  a  rosy-purple  colour ; 

flower  above  medium  size,  and  though  not  perfectly 

double,  yet  a  fine  bloomer. 

Charles  the  Tenth  is  an  old  variety,  but  keeps  its 
distinctive  character  of  colour  and  fragrance,  and 
is  in  great  demand  by  the  southern  rose-growers. 
It  does  not  generally  open  well  with  us,  but  in  a 
warm  dry  atmosphere,  and  during  our  summer 
months,  it  shows  its  large  double  rosy-purple  flow- 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.  95 

ers  in  great  perfection.  Champneyana,  or  Champ- 
ney^s  Pink  Cluster,  light  pink,  a  rampant  grower, 
profuse  bloomer,  quite  hardy,  even  in  cold  latitudes ; 
it  is  universally  cultivated,  and  well  adapted  either 
for  pillars  or  arbours.  Chromatelle,  or  Cloth  of  Gold, 
is  a  seedling  from  Noisette  Lamarque,  and  very 
much  of  the  habit  of  its  parent,  with  leaves  more 
round,  and  gro\\ih  more  robust,  flowers  equally  as 
large  with  fine  bold  round  petals,  of  a  pale  yellow  co- 
lour, quite  fragrant,  requires  to  be  strong  before  it 
blooms  freely.  The  best  yellow  ever-blooming  rose. 
Clara  Wendel  is  another  rose  having  a  yellow  shade 
to  its  flowers  changing  to  white ;  it  is  of  a  dwarf 
habit,  though  the  flowers  are  of  the  largest  size,  and 
perfectly  double.  It  first  appeared  under  the  name 
of  *^  The  Clara  Wendel."  Chloris  has  flowers  of 
the  medium  size,  double,  of  a  distinct  rosy  lilac 
colour,  and  is  a  very  fine  dwarf  variety.  Comtesse 
de  Grillon,  very  double,  pale  pink,  in  large  clusters, 
strong  growth  and  fragrant.  Comtesse  Orloff  is  a 
bright  rosy  pink,  and  makes  a  good  plant  for  cover- 
ing fences,  pillars,  &c.,  being  a  rapid  grower  and 
free  bloomer ;  the  flowers  are  rather  small  in  pro- 
portion to  the  growth  of  the  plant.  Conque  de  Venus 
is  now  an  old  variety ;  but  not  often  excelled  in  fira- 
grance  and  profusion ;  the  flowers  are  perfectly 
double,  creamy  white,  and  with  a  bright  pink  cen- 


96  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

tre  ;  they  are  produced  in  large  clusters  and  in 
great  profusion.  Cora  L.  Barton  has  no  compeer, 
combining  size  and  colour ;  it  is  a  seedling  from 
Lamarque,  grown  by  me  a  few  years  ago  ;  the  flow- 
ers are  of  a  clear  rosy  pink,  very  large,  fragrant, 
double,  and  cup  shaped ;  a  profuse  bloomer,  of 
strong  habit,  and  makes  a  splendid  pillar.  Bu 
Luxembourg  is  not  hardy  enough  for  this  latitude, 
but  bears  full  exposure  in  the  south,  where  it  shows 
its  beautiful  rosy  purple  flowers  in  great  splendor; 
it  is  very  sweet  scented,  of  good  growth,  a  free 
bloomer,  perfectly  double,  and  very  distinct.  Eu- 
phrosine ;  this  very  sweet  scented  rose  was  first  in- 
troduced as  a  "  Tea,"  but  after  trial  proves  to  be  a 
Noisette  of  great  excellence,  both  in  its  peculiar 
rosy  buff*  coloured  flowers,  which  it  produces  in  ex- 
travagant profusion,  and  in  its  peculiarly  grateful 
fragrance  ;  the  flowers  are  quite  double,  above  me- 
dium size,  and  the  plant  grows  freely.  Eugene  Pi- 
roUe,  or  Mmiral  de  Rigny,  is  a  Noisette,  of  very 
perfect  form ;  its  bright  rose  coloured  flowers  are 
produced  in  large  clusters ;  it  is  of  a  dwarf  habit, 
and  makes  a  fine  border  variety.  Fellenberg,  as  a 
Noisette,  has  no  equal  for  brilliancy  of  colour,  during 
the  autumnal  months;  in  the  early  part  of  the  sea- 
son, it  is  of  a  pale  red,  but  in  the  fall  its  colour  ap- 
proaches a  scarlet,  with  large  flowers  produced  in 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.  97 

clusters  of  thirty  to  fifty.  It  is  perfectly  hardy,  a 
great  acquisition  to  this  family,  and  should  be  in 
every  garden  or  rosary  that  has  any  pretensions  to 
variety ;  the  foliage,  when  young,  has  also  a  pecu- 
liar red  colour.  Fleur  de  Jeune  Jige,  or  Lamarque 
a  cceur  rose,  is  quite  a  new  variety,  and  has  the 
growth  and  habit  of  Jaune  Desprez,  and  no  doubt  is 
a  seedling  from  that  rose  ;  it  is  of  a  yellowish-white, 
with  a  delicate  pink  centre,  quite  fragrant,  and 
has  been  classed  among  the  "  Thes."  The  Noi- 
sette Roses  have  become  so  much  impregnated 
with  the  varieties  of  Rosa  Odorata,  that  many 
of  the  sort,  when  they  bloom  for  the  first  time,  are 
denominated  ^'The"  roses,  but  their  farther  growth 
and  subsequent  bloom  bring  them  under  the  head 
of  Noisettes,  from  their  tendency  to  produce  their 
flowers  in  large  clusters.  Jaune  Desprez,  Desprez 
D^Arcole,  and  French  Yellow  JVoisette^  are  the  same. 
It  has  been  cultivated  about  Philadelphia  these 
twelve  years  past,  and  is  yet  a  scarce  variety.  It 
enjoys  a  celebrity  which  few  of  its  tribe  have  at- 
tained for  hardiness,  rapidity  of  growth,  fragrance, 
and,  when  well  established,  for  profusion  of  flowers, 
which  it  produces  in  large  clusters.  The  colour  is 
a  rosy-buflf  inclining  to  orange,  and  perfectly  double. 
It  should  always  be  planted  where  it  will  be  under 
the  eye,  as  its  colour  does  not  make  it  a  remarkable 
9 


98  ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

object  from  a  distance,  a  qualification  which  Fellen- 
berg  possesses  in  the  most  eminent  degree.  Jeanne 
d'^Mrc,  a  strong  grower,  of  a  pure  white  colour,  very 
double,  flowers  rather  small  for  the  habit  of  the 
plant.  Julia,  or  Julia  Dante,  is  a  pretty,  pale,  sweet 
scented  variety,  though  very  like  Conque  de  Venus ; 
it  is  yet  quite  distinct  in  habit,  and  the  flow^ers  have 
a  little  more  of  the  blush  in  them.  Julie  de  Loynes 
has  been,  and  is  still  considered  by  some,  as  a  Bour- 
bon rose  ;  its  foliage  does  incline  a  little  to  that 
family,  but  the  flowers  have  all  the  character  and 
habit  of  Noisette,  to  which  I  consider  it  to  belong ; 
its  colour  is  a  delicate  blush  white  ;  flowers  above 
medium  size,  double  and  finely  scented  ;  the  habit 
is  very  strong,  (though  not  of  rapid  growth,)  giving 
a  profusion  of  bloom  the  whole  season.  Julienne 
Le  Sourd  is  a  very  profuse  bloomer,  and  if  in  rich 
light  ground,  will  produce  clusters  of  fifty  to  one 
hundred  flowers  in  each,  of  a  dark  rose  colour.  It 
is  a  beautiful  dwarf  object  during  the  months  of 
autumn.  La  Biche  is  still  a  good  rose  when  first 
open,  of  a  pale  blush  colour,  though  almost  instantly 
charging  to  pure  white ;  rather  large  and  double ;  it 
is  an  excellent  pillar  rose,  of  free  growth,  and  is  fre- 
quently sold  for  Lamarque.  Lactans,  as  its  name 
implies,  is  a  milky  white,  so  pure  that  I  do  not  re- 
member having  seen  any  rose  of  so  delicate  a  white. 
I  received  it  a  few  years  ago  as  a  Tea,  but  it  now 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.  99 


ranks  among  the  Noisettes,  and  with  the  dwarf 
varieties.  Its  flowers,  which  it  produces  very  freely, 
are  very  large  and  extremely  double.  La  JYymphe, 
a  beautiful  blush  pink,  quite  double,  a  profuse 
bloomer,  of  medium  growth.  Lamarque  ;  this  is  a 
celebrated  variety,  now  known  over  the  whole  coun- 
try for  its  magnificent,  large,  perfectly  double,  yel- 
lowish-white, pendulous  flowers,  which  it  produces 
in  clusters  of  three  to  ten  in  each.  In  good  dry 
rich  soils  it  will  grow  twenty  feet  in  a  season,  and 
one  of  my  correspondents  in  South  Carolina,  informs 
me,  that  their  plant,  now  eight  years  old,  covers  a 
verandah  fifty  feet  long  and  twenty  feet  high,  and 
is  one  mass  of  flowers  from  May  to  December. 
There  is  also  a  plant  in  this  city,  that  occupies 
twenty  feet  by  eight  of  a  fence  that  faces  north, 
where  it  is  influenced  by  the  morning  and  evening 
sun ;  but  the  sun,  from  November  to  March,  never 
touches  the  plant,  confirming  the  opinion  that  in 
winter  the  sun  does  more  injury  to  delicate  roses 
than  the  cold.  This  plant  does  much  better  on  its 
own  roots  than  when  budded  or  grafted.  The  plant 
that  I  imported  of  it  in  1833  is  budded  on  the 
French  Dog  Rose,  and  makes  a  very  fine  standard, 
but  bears  no  comparison  with  the  magnificent  plants 
that  have  been  grown  from  it,  although  cherished 
and  nurtured  in  my  city  garden.     LandreWs  Car- 


100       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

mine,  or  Carmine  Cluster,  is  of  a  very  distinct  car- 
mine colour,  quite  double,  flowering  profusely  from 
July  to  late  in  the  season  ;  its  first  buds  do  not  open 
well,  but  it  is  well  adapted  for  a  southern  climate  ; 
it  was  grown  from  seed  by  the  Messrs.  Landreth 
twenty  years  ago.  Le  Pactole,  The  Pactole,  The 
Chrysanthimeflora,  and  JVew  Yellow  Tea;  this  distinct 
variety  is  distinguished  by  all  these  names  ;  the 
flowers  are  of  a  pale  sulphur  yellow,  changing  to  a 
yellowish-white,  as  soon  as  they  are  exposed  to  the 
full  rays  of  the  sun ;  the  plant  is  of  a  dwarf  habit, 
and  will  make  shoots  two  feet  long,  surmounted  by 
twenty  to  forty  flowers ;  it  is  no  doubt  a  seedling 
between  the  Yellow  Tea  and  Lamarque.  Lee,  Mon- 
strosa,  Coelestis,  Grandiflora,  Triomphe  des  JYoisettes, 
and  Carassana ;  this  plant  is  shamefully  circulated 
under  all  these  names,  and  gives  additional  proof 
that  names  are  more  numerous  than  varieties ;  it  is 
a  good  old  rose,  of  a  blush  colour,  producing  its 
flowers  in  large  thin  clusters,  and  opening  very  well 
in  warm  dry  weather,  but  in  moist  seasons  it  does 
not  expand  freely,  and  may  be  called  hard-headed ; 
it  is  a  strong  grower,  and  is  best  appropriated  for  a 
fence  or  arbour.  Lutea,  or  Smithii,  is  a  great  fa- 
vourite through  the  southern  states,  growing  freely, 
and  opening  in  great  perfection,  except  in  time  of 
rain ;  the   colour  is  of  a  pale  lemon-yellow  before 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        101 

the  sun  destroys  it,  and  is  delightfully  fragrant, 
though  entirely  too  tender  for  the  open  air  in  Penn- 
sylvania; it  makes  a  splendid  rose  for  forcing  if 
kept  in  a  high  and  rather  dry  atmosphere,  but  if 
syringed  with  water  before  the  flowers  are  expanded, 
it  glues  the  petals  together,  and  they  perish  before 
opening.  When  I  first  introduced  this  rose  I  could 
not  supply  all  the  demands  for  it  the  first  year,  at 
five  dollars  each  plant.  Madam  Byrne  and  Cora 
L.  Barton  were  produced  from  the  same  hip  of  seed 
from  Lamarque,  and  are  roses  very  distinct  both  in 
habit  and  colour.  Madam  Byime  is  a  yellowish- 
white,  with  a  pink  centre,  large,  and  very  double ; 
the  wood  is  very  slender,  but  of  free  growth,  and 
makes  a  beautiful  pillar  plant ;  from  the  same  seed 
I  obtained  also  a  bright  scarlet  rose,  perfectly  single, 
which  shows  that  almost  every  variety  of  colour 
may  be  produced  from  the  same  rose,  at  the  same 
time,  and  without  artificial  impregnation,  but  by 
the  assistance  of  art,  both  character  and  colour  may 
be  greatly  improved.  Maria,  rosy  red,  very  pretty, 
perfect  form,  a  constant  bloomer,  wood  slender, 
though  of  rapid  growth.  Mankin,  or  Mutabilis,  is 
of  a  yellowish-nankin  colour  in  cloudy  weather,  but 
when  fully  expanded,  with  the  sun  in  full  blaze 
upon  the  flowers,  they  are  nearly  pure  white.  It 
is  very  fragrant,  and  rather  a  dwarf  grower.  Ophirie ; 
9* 


102       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

this  rose  was  sent  to  me  three  years  ago  by  my  cor- 
respondent near  Paris,  without  any  pretensions  of 
colour  or  character.  It  proves  to  be  one  of  the  very 
best  of  the  Noisettes ;  colour  orange,  yellow,  tinged 
with  red,  medium  size,  very  double,  fragrant,  a 
strong  grower,  blooming  constantly,  and  will  prove 
a  beautiful  evergreen  rose  in  our  southern  states. 
Orloff  IS  now  an  old  rose,  but  for  growing  and  pro- 
ducing a  profusion  of  bright  rose-coloured  flowers, 
it  has  few  equals.  They  are  of  rather  loose  form, 
but  very  showy  at  a  distance.  It  is  admirable  for 
covering  outbuildings  or  distant  fences.  It  is  very 
distinct  from  Comtesse  Orloff,  and  more  hardy.  It 
will  even  stand  the  severity  of  the  eastern  states 
during  winter.  Petit  Anniey  quite  a  pretty  pink  va- 
riety, with  exquisitely  formed  flowers  ;  dwarf  habit, 
blooming  abundantly.  Philomele,  a  dwarf  grower, 
with  bright  rosy-coloured  flowers  of  perfect  form. 
Pompone  is  also  a  strong  growing  sort,  with  a  dense 
foliage  ;  the  flowers  are  rosy-pink,  quite  double, 
and  delicately  fragrant ;  it  is  very  well  adapted  for 
covering  arbours,  or  unsightly  fences,  being  a  very 
strong  grower,  and  clothed  with  foliage  from  bottom 
to  top.  Pourpre  de  Tyre,  dark  crimson,  large,  quite 
double,  and  a  very  splendid  variety.  It  evidently 
appears  to  be  more  of  a  Hybrid  Perpetual  than  a 
Noisette,  both  in  growth  and  in  constancy  of  bloom. 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       103 

Prudence  Roeser ;  this  rose  appears  to  be  a  complete 
hybrid,  and  perhaps  more  properly  belongs  to  the 
Bourbon  family  ;  the  flowers  are  finely  cupped,  per- 
fectly double,  and  of  a  fine  rose  colour  ;  it  is  of  a 
stiff  dwarf  habit.  Similo?',  or  Le  Similor,  is  a  very 
distinct  and  changeable  coloured  dwarf  Noisette ;  it 
will  at  some  periods,  particularly  in  cloudy  weather, 
open  of  the  most  beautiful  bright  orange  colour,  and 
on  other  occasions  I  have  seen  it  a  pale  blush;  at 
all  times  perfectly  double  and  fragrant ;  as  yet  scarce. 
Sir  Walter  Scott  is  very  much  like  Orloff,  with  a 
few  more  shades  of  purple  in  it,  and  is  more  double 
and  fragrant ;  its  growth  is  equally  as  strong,  and 
makes  a  splendid  pillar  rose.  Solfatare  was  sent 
to  me,  by  its  grower,  four  years  ago,  as  a  "  superb 
Yellow  Tea  Rose,  not  equalled,"  and  when  it  first 
bloomed,  it  fully  maintained  its  Tea  character,  but 
as  soon  as  I  grew  it  on  its  own  roots,  it  directly  as- 
sumed the  habit  of  our  favourite  Lamarque  Noisette, 
with  the  young  wood  inclining  more  to  yellow,  and 
the  foliage  more  pointed ;  in  colour  it  is  a  bright 
sulphur  yellow ;  very  large  and  fully  double,  with 
an  agreeable  fragrance.  When  fully  established,  it 
flowers  freely,  and  grows  rapidly ;  it  is  perfectly 
hardy,  and  one  of  the  most  splendid  of  pillar  roses ; 
it  is  equally  well  adapted  for  training  against  trel- 
lises.    An  eastern  or  northern  aspect,  where  it  will 


104       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

have  a  portion  of  sun,  will  suit  it  best,  and  fully 
preserve  its  beautiful  colour.  In  addition  to  this  rose 
holding  its  character,  it  appears  also  to  retain,  as  yet, 
its  name  (Solfatare)  unchanged  ;  few  choice  roses 
are  so  fortunate  ;  I  say  so  fortunate,  for  it  is  truly  a 
disgrace  to  any  vender  or  amateur  to  change  the 
name  of  any  rose  knowingly,  merely  to  prevent  his 
brethren  in  the  trade  from  reaping  at  once  any  bene- 
fit by  procuring  the  article  from  its  original  source, 
or  to  deprive  a  co-lover  and  admirer  of  the  rose 
from  possessing  the  plant  immediately,  and  from 
enjoying  an  equal  pleasure  with  his  neighbour. 
American  growers  are  not  so  directly  criminal  in 
this  respect ;  but  they  are  frequently  led  into  error 
by  purchasing  from  some  French  importers,  who, 
in  many  instances,  have  plants  to  suit  any  name  or 
colour.  It  is  surprising  that  we  patiently  submit  to 
having  the  same  dose  of  humbug  so  frequently 
administered  to  us.  We  are  also  occasionally  caught 
by  our  English  rose-growers,  who,  in  visiting  France, 
pick  up  the  surplus  stock  of  any  new  and  choice 
rose,  take  it  home,  advertise  boldly  under  a  new 
name,  and  sell  it  at  a  golden  price.  Superha  is  one 
of  our  oldest  Noisettes,  and  holds  a  rank  among  the 
first  for  profusion  of  bloom ;  of  a  pale  pink  colour, 
and  in  splendid  clusters  from  the  base  to  the  top  of 
the  plant,  forming   a  very  excellent  pillar  variety ; 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       105 

it  will  not  exceed  seven  feet  in  height  with  us. 
Theohaldine  is  of  a  deep  rosy  pink  colour,  perfectly 
double,  very  fragrant,  a  dwarf  grower,  and  nearly 
related  to  the  Tea  Roses.  Victorieuse,  Pictoriumj 
or  La  Victorieuse,  is  perhaps  more  of  a  Tea  than 
Noisette,  being  very  like  the  former,  except  the 
clustering  of  its  flowers,  which  are  large  pale  blush, 
beautiful  and  fragrant ;  dwarf  growing.  Vitellina 
is  strongly  hybridized  with  the  Tea  Rose,  and  has 
been  no  doubt  a  seedling  from  Lamarque,  to  which 
the  flowers  bear  a  strong  resemblance  in  colour  and 
character.  Although  its  habit  is  entirely  dwarf,  it 
makes  a  very  beautiful  plant  when  grafted  or  budded, 
about  two  feet  high.  Many  of  the  dwarf  growing 
Noisettes  are  improved  in  appearance  by  this  method, 
especially  those  that  have  large  pendent  flowers. 
Such  as  standards,  are  really  elegant.  .  The  whole 
beauty  of  Noisette  Roses  (which  is  very  great)  can 
only  be  fully  brought  out  where  they  are  properly 
cultivated.  It  cannot  be  expected  that  these  plants 
will  show  their  growth  and  elegant  habit  when  in 
flower,  if  they  are  merely  deposited  with  their  roots 
under  ground,  without  any  system  of  arrangement 
or  culture.  In  the  first  place,  the  situation  must 
not  be  subject  to  inundations  of  water;  neither  will 
they  do  well  on  a  wet  soil.  They  require  what  is 
technically  termed  a  *' dry  bottom,"  either  naturally 


106       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

SO,  or  artificially  made;  the  soil  deep  and  rich,  hav- 
ing a  considerable  proportion  of  sand  in  it;  and  if 
not  very  rich,  rendered  so  by  thoroughly  rotted 
manure,  or  black  earth  from  the  woods.  Their  ar- 
rangement can  be  carried  out  into  many  forms,  aud 
to  any  required  extent,  according  to  the  taste  of  the 
cultivator.  A  very  agreeable  method  is  to  have 
them  in  groups,  with  the  tallest  in  the  centre,  trained 
in  a  pyramidal  or  pillar  form,  and  the  dwarf  sorts 
forming  the  base  of  the  pyramid  ;  they  may  be  thus 
disposed,  keeping  those  of  a  colour  together,  or  mix- 
ing the  colours.  Grouping  those  of  a  colour  together 
is  the  most  appropriate  method.  The  eye  is  then 
relieved  in  viewing  the  groups,  by  passing  from 
white  to  crimson,  and  from  crimson  to  white ; 
whereas,  if  the  colours  are  blended  together  in  each 
mass,  the  effect  is  that  of  confusion  and  monotony, 
without  any  interest  after  the  first  glance.  The 
same  system  will  appl/  to  covering  arbours,  veran- 
dahs, &c.  In  landscape  gardening  the  rose  is  in- 
dispensable ;  it  can  be  made  to  accomplish  any 
purpose  in  breadth  or  height,  depth  or  lightness. 
For  detached  objects  they  are  also  very  appropriate, 
form  most  elegant  pillars,  and  if  placed  on  elevated 
ground,  have  a  very  imposing  effect.  The  posts 
used  should  be  of  red  cedar,  best  sapling  oak,  locust, 
or  yellow  pine,  and  sunk  at  least  three  feet  into  the 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       107 

ground,  from  four  to  six  inches  thick,  and  from  six 
to  twelve  feet  high  ;  if  higher,  the  heavy  winds  are 
very  severe  upon  them.  For  those  that  grow  only 
from  three  to  six  feet,  small  rods  of  any  description 
will  be  suitable,  painting  them  with  a  green  or 
stone  colour  ;  strong  twine,  willow,  glycine,  or  lead 
wire,  may  be  used  for  tying.  In  pruning,  from 
the  month  of  November  to  March,  thin  out  the  wood 
of  three  or  four  years  old,  and  shorten  all  the  shoots 
in  proportion  to  their  growth  ;  that  is,  shoots  that 
have  made  only  a  growth  of  twelve  to  twenty  inches, 
can  be  cut  to  within  three  or  four  eyes  of  the  pre- 
ceding year's  wood ;  and  those  that  have  grown  from 
three  to  ten  feet  should  be  shortened  down  to  two  to 
six  feet.  By  this  process  they  will  throw  out  strong 
blooming  shoots  that  will  flower  the  whole  season. 
They  must  have  every  year  a  good  supply  of  rich 
compost,  or  decayed  offal  of  any  description,  incor- 
porated among  the  soil  in  which]  they  are  growing. 
Never  plant  a  rose  in  the  same  soil  that  a  rose  has 
been  growing  in  before.  If  it  is  required  to  be 
planted  in  the  same  spot,  remove  the  old  soil,  and 
replace  it  with  new,  to  the  depth  of  one  to  two 
feet.  They  delight  on  a  sandy  rich  loam,  on  a 
gravelly  or  dry  bottom.  This  is  particularly  requi- 
site where  the  soil  is  of  a  stiff  clay,  and  subject  to 
crack  during  the  summer  months.    If  thus  properly 


108       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

provided  for  when  planted,  they  will  grow  in  the 
greatest  perfection  and  bloom  profusely.  It  is  ne- 
cessary to  cut  off  the  flowering  stems  as  soon  as 
they  begin  to  fade,  thus  preventing  their  going  to 
seed  except  when  required,  as  maturing  the  seed 
impoverishes  the  plant,  and  retards  the  reproduc- 
tion of  a  succession  of  blossoms.  If  they  are  not 
wanted  to  grow  to  a  great  extent,  cut  the  shoots 
down  to  within  two  to  four  feet  of  the  ground 
every  season.  The  dwarf  sorts  make  very  pretty 
standard  plants  when  budded,  one  or  two  feet  above 
the  ground,  on  the  Dog  Rose  or  French  Eglantine ; 
but  the  strong  growing  kinds  should  never  be  bud- 
ded for  standards  ;  they  make  straggling  heads, 
and  never  come  to  such  perfection  as  when  on  their 
own  roots.  To  grow  Noisette  Roses  from  seed  is 
a  very  easy  process,  and  its  failure  or  success  can 
be  ascertained  in  two  years  ;  generally  in  one.  The 
best  varieties  for  the  purpose  are  Lamarque,  Camel- 
lia Rouge,  Cora  L.  Barton,  Solfatare,  and  Fellen- 
herg  ;  these  planted  together,  and  assisted  by  art, 
will  produce  many  distinct  varieties,  and  will  fully 
repay  all  the  trouble  and  patience  bestowed  upon 
them.  If  it  is  required  to  have  them  of  a  darker 
shade  than  any  of  these,  pollen  can  be  applied  from 
any  of  the  dark  flowering  Bengal  or  Bourbon  Roses. 
Of  the  latter,  Gloire  de  Rosamene  will  give  great 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       109 

brilliancy  of  colour,  and  is  very  suitable  for  the  pur- 
pose, as  it  already  partakes  of  the  Noisette  habit. 
From  these  suggestions  many  others  may  arise  to 
the  mind  of  the  operator,  and  if  acted  upon,  the 
results  may  go  beyond  anticipation. 


ROSA   INDICA   ODORATA. 

THE  TEA  SCENTED  ROSE. 

It  is  upwards  of  thirty  years  since  this  rose  was 
introduced  into  Europe  from  China.  At  what 
period  it  was  first  brought  to  this  country  is  to  us 
unknown ;  but  it  cannot  be  less  than  twenty  years 
since;  neither  are  we  aware  of  any  improvement 
being  made  upon  it  wuth  us,  or  even  with  the 
French,  who  are  the  leading  spirits  in  everything 
Connected  with  the  rose.  It  is  a  free  seed-bearer, 
and  has  been  the  parent  of  many  varieties,  many 
of  which  excel  it  in  size,  but  few  or  none  in  fra- 
grance. Few  growers  are  very  successful  in  its 
culture ;  its  growth  at  times  is  very  luxuriant,  and  it 
sometimes  makes  a  shoot  three  feet  long;  but  such 
instances  rarely  occur.  The  varieties  from  it,  how- 
ever, are  magnificent ;  many  of  them,  of  the  most 
10 


110       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

luxuriant  character,  with  flowers  of  all  shades  from 
white  to  red.  The  family  are  nearly  all  too  tender 
for  culture  in  this  latitude  without  winter  protection. 
To  grow  them  perfectly  (and  they  are  well  worth 
extra  care)  the  ground  should  be  prepared  expressly 
for  them.  They  delight  in  a  rich  light  soil  with  a 
dry  bottom,  and  in  an  elevated  position.  If  the  soil 
is  naturally  sandy,  it  will  only  require  to  be  enriched 
by  manure,  or  plenty  of  black  decomposed  leaves 
from  the  woods,  in  which  they  will  grow  in  wild 
luxuriance;  but  if  the  soil  is  heavy  and  clayey,  it 
should  be  thrown  out  to  the  depth  of  twenty  inches. 
Six  inches  of  the  bottom  should  be  filled  up  with 
rough  rubbish,  such  as  stones,  brickbats,  or  branches 
of  trees ;  over  these  place  sixteen  inches  of  prepared 
soil,  which  will  allow  for  settling.  Two  or  three 
weeks  after  the  bed  is  prepared  the  roses  may  be 
planted.  In  the  southern  states,  this  operation  can 
be  performed  in  February  and  March,  but  with  us 
April  and  the  early  part  of  May  is  the  most  proper 
season.  If  the  bed  is  made  in  soil  retentive  of  water 
it  will  require  to  have  a  drain  laid  from  it  to  keep 
the  bottom  dry,  otherwise  it  would  be  providing  a 
basin  of  water  for  the  plants,  which  to  them  would 
prove  a  "bed  of  death"  in  winter.  The  only  shel- 
ter necessary  here  is  a  covering  of  boards,  glass,  or 
straw ;  the  latter  is  a  bad  protection  when  exposed 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        Ill 


to  rain  and  snow,  which  causes  mouldiness  about 
the  plants,  and  even  kills  them ;  where  glass  is  not 
accessible,  all  that  is  required  is  a  temporary  and 
movable  frame  or  covering  of  boards,  which  must 
be  removed  as  soon  as  spring  appears.  Treated 
thus  they  will  not  receive  any  material  injury  in 
this  vicinity  from  our  severest  winters ;  but  to  the 
eastward,  when  there  is  no  green-house,  they  re- 
quire to  be  kept  in  good  substantial  close  frames; 
this  can  readily  be  accomplished  by  lifting  them 
from  the  various  parts  of  the  garden  and  planting 
them  very  compactly  together  in  the  frame  provided 
for  them  about  the  middle  of  October;  if  the  plants 
are  taller  than  the  frame  will  admit  of,  lay  them  in 
an  inclining  position,  what  the  gardeners  call  "  by 
the  heels;"  they  will  require  no  water  till  spring. 
About  the  first  week,  or  towards  the  middle  of 
April,  they  must  be  taken  out,  in  a  cloudy  day, 
pruned  of  all  decayed  or  superfluous  wood,  and 
carefully  planted  into  the  place  prepared  for  them. 
By  adopting  this  method,  which  I  have  often  prac- 
tised, every  lover  of  this  celebrated  rose  in  the  east- 
ern states  can  enjoy  them  in  the  greatest  luxuriance 
from  June  to  October.  A  substantial  movable  frame, 
seven  feet  wide  and  twelve  feet  long,  which  may  be 
made  of  two  inch  rough  plank,  one  foot  high  in  front 
and  two  and  a  half  feet  high  on  the  back,  covered 


112       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

with  three  sash,  can  be  completed  for  the  small  cost 
of  thirteen  to  sixteen  dollars,  and  will  afford  ample 
protection  for  two  hundred  plants,  which  will  em- 
brace all  the  choicest  Tea  and  Bengal  Roses,  and 
afford  a  floral  gratification  in  roses  worth  three  times 
the  amount.  Such  a  frame  can  be  placed  in  a 
sheltered  situation,  and  also  used  for  propagating, 
from  cuttings,  all  the  varieties  of  the  monthly  roses 
in  June,  July  and  August  without  bottom  heat. 
However,  where  there  are  only  a  few  scattered 
plants,  they  will  do  very  well  covered  with  branches 
of  cedar,  a  box,  or  barrel,  perforated  in  several 
places,  to  allow  the  moisture  to  evaporate.  In  mild 
latitudes  every  flower  garden  should  have  a  full  and 
perfect  collection  of  this  lovely  tribe.  If  my  words 
could  paint  its  beauties,  or  give  any  idea  of  its  fra- 
grance, I  would  not  plead  for  it  in  vain.  But  one 
fault  they  have,  and  that  is,  too  much  similarity 
among  the  generality  of  them.  Although  a  difference 
can  be  discerned  in  all,  yet  I  confess  it  requirefs,  in 
many  instances,  a  very  discriminating  eye  to  detect 
it.  But  the  following  will  be  found  distinct  in  colour 
and  character,  and  worthy  of  any  culture  requisite 
to  bring  them  to  perfection.  Mam,,  very  large — 
perfectly  formed,  deep  blush,  full  and  fragrant. 
Antherose,  or  Anteros,  is  very  double,  cup-shaped, 
of  a  pale  pinkish- white  shading  to  yellow  in  the 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       113 

centre,  grows  very  strong,  and  blooms  well  in  pot 
culture.     Archiduchesse   Theresa  Isabel,  or  Isabel,  a 
very  distinct  dwarf  growing  white,  requiring  the 
shoots  to  be  well  thinned  out  in  order  to  make  it 
grow  strong  for  flowering;  the  flowers  are  double 
and  very  pure ;  Arkinto,  a  distinct  old  variety,  of  a 
flesh  colour,  very  double,  cup  form,  grows  and  flow- 
ers freely;  the  bottom  of  the  petals  is  yellow.    Bar- 
hot  is   a  very  strong  growing  rose,  quite  large,  of 
a  creamy-blush  colour,  and  frequently  deep  pink, 
though  the  French  describe  it  as  "a  yellow  edged 
with  rose;"  it  is  highly  fragrant,  and  an  indispensa- 
ble variety.    Belle  Marguerite  ;  the  distinctive  cha- 
racter of  this  rose  is  easily  perceived  at  a  considera- 
ble distance  ;  its  strong  upright  habit  producing  its 
flowers  on  short  stiff*  footstalks;  the  colour  from  a 
pale  rosy  lilac  to  a  dark  crimson,  perfectly  double ; 
when  well  grown,  a  great  bloomer  and  tolerably 
hardy.     Bon  Sillne,  or  Silene,  is  a  very  variable 
rose,  with  extremely  large  petals.     Though  not  so 
double  as  some,  it  amply  compensates  for  this  de- 
ficiency in  the  size  of  the  flowers,  which   are  of  a 
bright  rose,  changing  to  cherry  red,  with  an  agree- 
able fragrance.      Bougere  has  a  great   many  ad- 
mirers; the  flowers  are  extremely  large,  fully  dou- 
ble, of  a  rosy-lilac  colour,  always  cup-shaped,  and 
even  fading  away  in  that  form ;  the  buds  are  very 
10* 


114      ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 


large  before  they  expand;  it  is  one  of  the  strongest 
growers,  and  bears  our  winters  with  very  slight  pro- 
tection. Boutrand  is  a  noble  rose  of  a  bright  pink 
colour,  perfectly  formed,  and  a  free  grower.  Caro- 
line is  a  beautiful  rose,  of  a  bright  rosy-pink  colour, 
with  finely  formed  flowers,  always  blooming  perfect, 
and  in  great  profusion,  even  five  or  six  in  a  cluster. 
It  is  one  of  the  hardiest,  and  not  excelled  by  any  of 
the  family,  having  every  quality  of  a  first  rate  rose. 
Charles  Reybaud,  pale  rose,  of  rather  loose  form, 
quite  large,  and  blooms  freely.  Clara  Sylvain  is 
a  large  and  perfectly  formed  pure  white  rose,  a 
strong  growler  and  an  abundant  bloomer ;  one  of  the 
best  of  the  w^hites,  giving  entire  satisfaction  where- 
ever  grown.  Claudia  is  a  beautiful  creamy-blush, 
perfect  in  every  character,  but  a  scarce  variety. 
Comte  de  Paris  is  greatly  esteemed  in  France,  and 
is  yet  very  scarce  in  this  country. 

There  are  at  least  (that  we  have  seen)  four  distinct 
roses  cultivated  and  sold  for  the  veritable  "Comte." 
When  once  under  the  eye  it  cannot  be  mistaken ;  the 
plant  is  of  a  very  strong  habit,  with  large  shining 
foliage,  and  the  spines  or  thorns  distantly  set  on  the 
wood,  but  very  strong  ;  the  flowers  perfectly  double, 
of  a  pale  rose  colour,  the  bottom  of  the  petals  in- 
clining to  yellow ;  the  buds  are  quite  large,  round 
pointed,  and  like  Caroline,  always  expanding  freely 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        115 

in  airy  situations.  Devoniensis  is  the  tea  rose  in  the 
superlative  degree.  Though  at  first  represented  as 
being  a  fine  sulphur  yellow,  and  figured  as  such,  it 
proves  to  be  a  creamy-white,  but  when  just  open, 
in  cloudy  weather,  is  of  a  canary  colour;  when  well 
cultivated,  it  produces  flowers  of  immense  size,  and 
in  clusters ;  it  grows  freely,  with  dark  green  foliage, 
possesses  a  delightful  fragrance,  far  surpassing  the 
ancient  Tea  Rose,  and  is  a  very  valuable  sort  for 
either  pot  or  garden  culture.  It  is  an  English  variety, 
but  is  now  sold  cheaper  in  America  than  in  either 
France  or  England.  Delphine  Gaudot,  pure  white, 
blooming  in  clusters  ;  though  not  fully  double,  yet 
very  profuse  of  bloom.  Due  d^  Orleans,  at  first 
sight,  much  resembles  Belle  Marguerite,  though  it 
is  rather  brighter  in  colour,  and  the  growth  not  so 
strong.  Duchesse  de  Mecklenbourg  is  a  perfectly 
formed  double  variety,  of  a  creamy-yellow  before  it 
is  deprived  of  its  hue  by  the  sun,  whose  brilliant  rays 
rob  nearly  all  roses  of  this  shade  of  colour.  Elisa 
Sauvage  is  another  of  that  description  of  colour. 
Though  very  different  in  growth,  which  is  not  so 
strong,  yet  the  flowers  are  very  large,  and  make  a 
splendid  appearance  when  forced.  Etienie,  white, 
with  a  delicate  rose  centre,  very  large  flowers,  and 
perfectly  double,  growing  and  blooming  freely.  Fla- 
vescms,  or  Yellow  Tea,  pale  straw  colour,  extremely 


116       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

large  bold  petals ;  it  is  very  splendid  when  half  ex- 
panded, but  when  full  blown  is  loose  and  not  fully 
double  ;  it  bears  an  abundance  of  seed,  but  we  have 
never  produced  a  good  rose  from  it.  This  plant  was 
introduced  into  England  from  China,  by  Mr.  Parks, 
about  the  year  1824.  In  fresh  sandy  rich  loamy 
soil  it  grows  very  strong,  and  flowers  profusely,  but 
does  not  thrive  in  heavy  soils.  My  late  partner,  Mr. 
Hibbert,  introduced  this  rose  and  the  White  China 
into  this  country  in  1828,  and  the  first  plants  that 
were  sold  of  them  was  in  1830;  they  are  now  found 
in  thousands  over  every  part  of  the  United  States. 
Flon  is  of  a  fleshy  buff  colour,  a  large  double  flower, 
much  resembling  Luxembourg,  though  not  so  strong 
a  grower ;  it  is  delightfully  fragrant,  growing  freely 
in  rich  light  soil.  Floralie,  pale  rosy  blush,  very 
perfect  form,  blooming  in  clusters,  very  profusely. 
Fragoletta  or  Roi  des  Beiges,  very  large  pale  rose, 
full  and  perfect,  grows  freely;  it  is  also  known  in 
some  collections  as  J^apoleon.  Gigantesque,  for  size 
of  flower,  deserves  its  name ;  but  deficiency  in  form 
detracts  from  that  merit ;  yet  its  pale  fleshy  coloured 
flowers  are  very  showy.  Gouhault  is  a  large  rosy 
blush  inclining  to  yellow  in  the  centre;  very  double, 
distinct  and  fragrant;  it  grows  freely,  and  will  occa- 
sionally produce  seed,  from  which  fine  varieties  will 
no  doubt  be  obtained.     Hamon  is  a  delightful  rose, 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       117 

with  large  flowers  changing  from  blush  to  deep  rose 
colour,  a  profuse  bloomer,  and  appears  to  succeed 
best  when  budded  upon  a  stronger  growing  variety. 
Hardy  or  Gloire  de  Hardy,  is  a  pretty  variety,  with 
pale  pink  flowers  quite  double,  though  not  so  large 
as  the  generality  of  Tea  Roses.  Hymenee  is  a  pro- 
fuse blooming  creamy  white,  perfectly  double,  grow- 
ing freely  in  any  situation,  and  quite  hardy  in  this 
vicinity.  Hippolyte  is  another  of  the  same  character, 
but  has  more  of  the  yellow  in  it,  and  more  fragrant. 
Jaime  Panache  and  Aurora  are  the  same  rose ;  of  a 
delicate  straw  colour  changing  to  blush,  quite  double, 
and  delicately  scented ;  the  plant  is  of  a  spreading 
habit.  Josephine  Malton  is  an  elegant  rose,  of  first 
rate  character;  the  flowers  are  large,  retaining  a  cup 
shape  to  the  last,  of  a  creamy  white  colour ;  the  plant 
is  strong  growing,  and  apparently  very  hardy.  Julie 
Mansais  generally  approaches  a  pure  white,  though 
we  have  seen  it  quite  yellow  during  cloudy  weather 
in  September  and  October;  the  flower  perfectly  dou- 
ble, retaining  its  cup  shape  till  faded.  La  Sylphide; 
this  rose  possesses  every  requisite  for  admiration ;  it 
grows  very  luxuriantly ;  the  flowers  are  very  large, 
of  a  rosy  buff  turning  to  a  creamy- white  colour, 
produced  in  great  profusion,  and  in  either  bud  or 
bloom  is  always  admired  ;  does  extremely  well  for 
pot  culture,  and  is  quite  hardy  for  the  garden.     Lili- 


118       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

dna  is  an  old  variety,  but  continues  very  distinct 
from  any  others ;  the  flowers  are  perfectly  formed, 
of  a  lilac  colour,  and  though  under  the  medium  size, 
make  up  for  the  deficiency  by  their  profusion.  Lyon- 
nais,  very  large  pale  pink,  often  a  fine  blush,  quite 
double,  blooms  freely,  a  strong  grower,  and  is  a  very 
desirable  variety.  Madam  Desprez  is  frequently 
seen  in  very  great  perfection  ;  in  that  state  it  is  a  fac- 
simile of  a  Double  White  Camellia,  with  the  most 
agreeable  fragrance.  It  is  rather  delicate  on  its  own 
roots,  but  when  budded,  grows  well ;  in  the  south  it 
is  greatly  admired.  An  amateur  a  few  years  ago 
presented  me  with  a  plant  of  this  rose  as  something 
he  had  grown  from  seed,  very  magnificent ,  and  under 
a  new  name  ;  I  parted  with  two  or  three  plants  before 
the  error  was  detected.  Madam  Galet  approaches 
Elisa  Sauvage  in  colour,  but  the  growth  is  much 
stronger;  it  is  consequently  more  hardy,  and  will 
grow  in  a  more  northern  latitude.  Mansais  is  very 
distinct  from  Julie  Mansais  in  both  habit  and  colour ; 
the  flower  is  quite  large,  of  a  buff  colour,  with  a 
pink  centre,  perfectly  double;  the  buds  are  very 
pointed,  the  wood  strong  and  of  a  spreading  habit, 
very  hardy.  Marshal  Bugeaud,  very  large,  of  a 
bright  rose  colour,  quite  double.  Melville  requires 
only  to  be  seen  once  to  be  recognized  ever  after- 
wards ;  the  plant  will  make  shoots  three  or  four  feet 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        119 


long,  crowned  with  very  large  dark  rosy  blush  flowers 
perfectly  double;  the  foliage  is  strong,  dark  green, 
and  deeply  serrated;  it  is  quite  hardy,  and  very 
desirable.  Mirabile  is  another  of  the  newest  sorts; 
of  a  sulphury-yellow  fading  to  rosy-blush,  quite 
double,  blooming  and'  growing  freely.  Moire  is  a 
distinct  globular  variety,  beautifully  shaded  with 
rose  and  blush,  very  perfect.  Mondor,  large  rosy 
blush  fading  to  a  pale  buff  colour,  very  double. 
JViphetos  is  a  white,  remarkable  for  its  large  taper- 
formed  flower  bud,  and  till  it  is  fully  open  is  very 
splendid ;  but  like  the  Yellow  Tea,  when  fully  ex- 
panded, it  is  not  at  all  attractive ;  the  wood  is  strong, 
and  no  doubt  it  is  a  hardy  variety.  JVisida,  fawn 
coloured  rose,  regular  cup-shape,  very  fragrant,  pale 
green  foliage,  a  free  bloomer.  Odorata,  or  Com- 
mon Tea  Rose;  few  or  none  of  the  family  possess 
the  peculiar  fragrance  of  this  delightful  rose ;  its 
large  rosy  blush  flower  buds  will  ever  be  admired ; 
when  full  blown  it  is  not  so  attractive  as  others,  but 
will  always  be  desirable  for  its  agreeable  odour, 
though  perhaps  one  of  the  most  diflScult  of  the 
family  to  grow  well.  A  liberal  portion  of  leaf  mould 
and  sand  appears  to  suit  it.  Pauline  Plantier ;  this 
is  among  the  many  that  have  light  flowers,  nearly 
white  shading  to  yellow,  a  character  becoming  too 
prevalent  in  the  family,  and  growers  should  be  cau- 


120       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

tious  in  putting  forth  so  many  of  those  whose  colours 
are  **so  much  alike,"  though  they  may  differ  to  a 
nice  eye  in  the  leaf,  a  shoot,  or  an  imaginary  shade. 
Pellonia,  pale-straw  colour,  large  flower,  though  very 
loosely  formed,  bud  long  and  pointed,  a  free  grower. 
Prince  d^Esterhazy  is  a  beautiful  blush  variety,  simi- 
lar to  Lyonnais,  except  being  a  few  shades  darker ; 
it  retains  its  globular  form  till  nearly  faded — grows 
freely.  Princesse  Helene  Modeste  and  Princesse  He- 
line  Luxembourg  are  nearly  alike,  though  the  latter 
has  a  little  more  of  the  yellowish  colour  than  the 
former ;  they  are  different  in  growth,  and  both  are 
fine  fully  double  roses.  Princesse  Marie,  when  well 
grown,  will  be  admired  by  all;  its  large  deep  rose- 
coloured  waxy  flowers,  from  four  to  five  inches  in 
diameter,  of  perfect  cup  form,  which  they  retain  till 
entirely  faded,  are  not  excelled  by  any  of  the  colour; 
it  is  of  a  strong  upright  habit,  and  nearly  as  hardy 
as  the  common  China  Rose.  Reve  du  Bonheur,  or 
The  Happy  Dream,  is  a  very  distinct  sort ;  the  buds, 
before  they  open,  have  the  petals  edged  with  bright 
red;  before  expansion  it  appears  striped,  and  when 
expanded  is  a  creamy-blush;  though  not  perfectly 
double  it  is  yet  very  desirable  for  its  distinctive  cha- 
racter, and  being  in  bloom  before  any  other  of  the 
group.  Peine  Victoria  approaches  Melville ;  though 
not  of  so  bright  a  colour  it  is  fully  as  strong  in  habit, 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       121 

but  the  foliage  not  so  deeply  serrated.  Roman,  pale 
lemon  white,  large  flower,  fully  double.  Safrano, 
when  the  bud  opens  in  the  morning,  is  a  fine  saffron 
or  dark  orange  colour,  and  is  beautiful ;  in  the  fore- 
noon it  is  blush,  and  in  the  afternoon  a  very  poor 
white  not  worth  notice,  and  unless  you  see  it  pass 
through  these  changes,  you  could  scarcely  believe  it 
to  be  the  same  rose.  Soliman  is  a  large  rosy  buff, 
with  perfectly  double  flowers,  which,  in  the  cool 
days  of  autumn,  are  often  bright  rose ;  it  grows 
freely,  and  is  rather  hardy.  Stromhio  cannot  be  too 
well  known ;  though  an  old  variety,  it  holds  its 
place,  with  its  large  pendulous  rose-white  flowers, 
perfectly  formed,  of  a  cup  shape,  and  in  profusion. 
It  is  also  a  luxuriant  grower,  and  withstands  our 
winters  without  protection.  Taglioni  is  a  large 
rose,  of  a  fine  white  inclining  to  pink  towards  the 
centre  ;  a  hardy  strong  variety.  Thebe,  with  every 
character  of  a  Bengal  rose,  has  the  odour  of  the  Tea 
very  strong,  and  is  put  in  this  tribe  on  that  account 
only ;  it  is  of  a  bright  rosy-red  colour,  of  rather 
dwarf  habit,  flowers  profusely,  and  quite  double. 
Themistocle  is  a  double  white,  of  perfect  form,  with 
the  centre  of  the  flower  inclining  to  blush.  Triomphe 
du  Licxembourg ;  perhaps  there  is  not  a  rose  men- 
tioned in  this  little  volume  that  has  been  so  univer- 
sally distributed  over  the  floral  world  in  the  space  of 
11 


122       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

eight  or  nine  years,  as  this  celebrated  variety.  The 
flowers  are  often  six  inches  in  diameter,  of  a  pecu- 
liar rosy-buff  colour,  and  may  be  frequently  seen  of 
a  yellowish-white  or  deep  rose,  according  to  season 
and  situation ;  its  growth  is  remarkably  strong,  in 
some  soils  producing  shoots  five  feet  long  in  one 
season,  flowering  freely  and  perfectly,  and  is  pos- 
sessed of  considerable  fragrance.  Victoria  Modeste, 
in  southern  latitudes,  is  very  splendid,  blooming 
perfectly  the  whole  season ;  but  it  does  not  bloom 
here,  except  in  the  months  of  July  or  August.  The 
flowers  are  of  a  fine  blush  colour,  very  large  and 
cup  formed ;  the  growth  of  the  strongest  habit,  and 
the  shoots  thickly  studded  with  thorns.  William 
Wallace  is  of  a  pale  blush  colour,  an  extra  large 
flower,  perfectly  double,  blooms  and  grows  freely. 
I  cannot  say  that  since  our  first  edition  there  has 
been  any  rose  added  to  this  group  that  surpasses  or 
even  equals  Devoniensis.  There  has  been  sent  out 
to  me  this  season  "  The  Madame  la  Princesse  Ade- 
laide; fleur  grande  pleine  jaune  soufre,"  promising 
to  be  a  very  fine  yellow  with  large  double  flowers. 
It  may  prove  to  be  some  colour  approaching  that 
description. 

There  could  be  many  others  named,  but  their  de- 
scriptions would  merely  be  a  repetition  of  those 
given  ;  there  are  others  that  pass  under  very  exalted 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        123 

names,  though  roses  of  very  inferior  character.  A 
choice  bright  red  or  crimson  Tea  Rose  is  still  a  de- 
sideratum. There  are  several  that  approach  that  co- 
lour, but  are  not  up  to  the  standard  of  a  connoisseur. 
From  the  cultivation  of  the  many  beautiful  sorts 
here  described  we  may  hope  to  see,  ere  long,  this 
long  expected  treasure  spring  forth  to  delight  our 
eyes.  Bon  Silene  seeds  freely,  and  if  impregnated 
carefully  with  Bengal  Roi  des  Ci-amoisis,  a  very  fra- 
grant rose,  the  results  would,  no  doubt,  give  bright 
coloured  and  highly  scented  roses.  The  most  suc- 
cessful grower  of  roses  from  seeds  has  been  Mr. 
Hardy,  of  the  Luxembourg  Gardens,  near  Paris,  who 
annually  raises  thousands  by  that  process  ;  and  there 
is  not  a  year  passes  that  he  does  not  send  forth  some 
article  worthy  of  the  name  of  the  grower.  The  Tea 
Rose  is  well  adapted  for  forcing,  either  in  the  hot- 
house or  hot-beds  prepared  for  them.  They  require 
a  temperature  of  from  60°  to  70°,  and  will  flower 
in  six  weeks  from  the  time  they  have  been  subjected 
to  the  forcing  process ;  the  atmosphere  must  be  kept 
moist  by  syringing.  A  good  criterion  to  know  the 
humidity  of  the  air  they  are  in,  is  by  observing  the 
dew  upon  the  plants  in  the  morning.  If  they  are 
lightly  covered  with  it,  showing  the  pearly  drops 
from  the  tip  of  the  foliage,  it  is  a  good  sign ;  but  if 
this  is  not  seen  every  morning,  the  atmosphere  is 


124       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

too  dry,  and  the  plants  must  be  freely  syringed  and 
kept  well  watered.  Budded  plants  force  finer  than 
those  on  their  own  roots  ;  this  can  be  done  with  great 
facility  on  any  of  the  Madam  d'Arblay  or  other  strong 
growing  varieties.  In  July  or  August  layer  the  young 
wood  of  these  plants,  and  insert  the  bud  at  once 
about  a  foot  from  the  ground.  These  layers  will  be 
well  rooted  in  October,  when  they  can  be  lifted, 
potted,  and  put  into  a  shady  place  in  any  frame  or 
out-house,  free  from  frost,  till  required  for  forcing.* 
Mildew  frequently  attacks  them  when  in  artificial 
heat ;  a  few  applications  of  sulphur  water  will  keep 
it  down  ;  but  if  the  airing  has  been  properly  attend- 
ed to,  and  the  water  judiciously  given,  that  disease 
will  not  appear.  Grafted  plants  stand  out  all  win- 
ter perfectly  well  with  us,  if  the  top  is  pruned '  in 
November  and  covered  with  oiled  paper,  oil-cloth, 
matting,  or  any  similar  substitute,  which  we  remove 
in  March,  and  frequently  find  the  plants  in  as  good 
order  as  they  were  when  tied  up.  We  take  this 
precaution  also  with  many  of  the  Noisette  and 
Bengal  varieties.  This  is  so  easily  practised  that  it 
should  not  be  omitted  where  there  is  the  least 
danger. 

*  If  grown  one  year  in  pots,  they  will  make   finer  plants,  and 
may  then  be  made  to  bloom  profusely  in  the  following  January. 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        125 


ROSA    INDICA. 

THE   BENGAL   CHINESE,  OR  BAILT  ROSE. 

This  and  Rosa  Semperflorens,  although  consi- 
dered distinct  species,  have  been  so  completely 
intermixed  and  amalgamated,  that  it  is  now  impos- 
sible to  define  the  difference  between  them.  They 
have  been,  since  their  introduction  fifty  years  ago, 
universally  cultivated,  and  are  admired  by  all.  Not 
only  the  cottager  and  the  great,  but  the  poor  inmate 
of  the  most  cheerless  abode,  and  the  lonely  widow 
whose  domains  extend  not  beyond  the  length  and 
breadth  of  her  window-sill — all  call  in  this  favourite, 
to  adorn  the  humble  porch,  to  decorate  the  fanciful 
parterre,  to  throw  a  gleam  of  light  in  the  desolate 
attic,  and  to  speak  of  flowers  that  never  fade.  They 
are  of  a  very  hardy  nature,  and  will  endure  almost 
every  vicissitude  of  treatment,  but  cannot  very  well 
bear  the  winter  in  the  open  air  without  protection, 
north  of  Philadelphia.  They  will,  however,  do  well 
to  the  east  by  covering  their  roots,  five  or  six  inches 
thick,  with  dry  leaves,  and  two  feet  all  round. 
Distribute  some  earth  over  the  leaves  to  prevent 
11* 


126       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

them  being  blown  about  by  the  wind.  Give  them 
rich  sandy  loamy  soil  of  considerable  depth ;  plant 
in  an  airy  situation,  and  never  near  a  tree,  or  any 
other  bush  which  exhausts  the  soil,  and  deteriorates 
the  colour  of  the  flower.  The  best  season  for  prun- 
ing is  as  early  in  the  spring  as  their  buds  show  a 
disposition  to  swell ;  in  doing  so  cut  out  all  the  dead 
wood,  shorten  any  of  the  young  shoots  that  are 
irregular ;  the  old  stinted  wood  should  be  cut  as  near 
to  the  ground  as  possible  ;  that  the  bush  may  stand 
free  and  regularly,  thin  all  over  ;  dig  in  among  their 
roots  every  season  a  good  supply  of  rich  compost 
or  old  manure,  and  stir  and  hoe  them  frequently 
during  the  summer.  The  remarks  we  have  made 
upon  the  culture  of  the  Tea  Rose  will  not  be  misap- 
plied if  practised  on  the  Bengal,  though  these  last 
are  invariably  more  hardy.  There  are  about  one 
hundred  varieties  of  them  cultivated,  though  one-half 
of  that  number  will  give  every  variety  and  character, 
compared  with  which  most  of  the  others  will  be 
found  worth  neither  name  nor  culture.  Aglae  Loth, 
shaded  rose  fading  to  dark  red,  very  double,  and 
perfect  form.  Alcine,  bright  rosy  red,  large  and  fully 
double.  Arance  de  JVavaro,  sent  out  as  a  Tea,  but 
evidently  a  Bengal,  of  a  pale  rosy  pink  colour,  very 
profuse  and  double.  Archduke  Charles  is  a  noble 
variety,  opening  a  bright  rose  colour,  and  changing 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       127 

to  crimson  ;  the  points  of  thfe  petals  are  frequently- 
tipped  with  bright  red.     Arsenie,  or  Arsione,  is  of  a 
delicate  rose  colour,  very  perfect  in  form,  grows  and 
blooms  freely,  quite  distinct.     Assuerus  is  a  new 
rose,  deficient  in  petal  and  form,  but  very  brilliant 
in    colour.        Beau    Carmin   is   of  the  Sanguinea 
habit,  a  very  distinct  variety,  with  dark  crimson- 
purple  shaded  flowers,  quite  double,  and  cup  formed, 
is  a  free  grower,  and  continually  in  bloom.     Belle 
de  Monza,  though  one  of  the  oldest  varieties,  holds 
its  distinctive  character  in  producing  a  profusion  of 
flowers,  when  first  open,  of  a  rosy  colour  changing 
gradually  to  very  dark  crimson,  perfectly  double ; 
the  plant  is  a  strong  grower,  and  very  hardy.    Belle 
de  Florence  is  a  pale  carmine  variety  with  very  per- 
fect flowers  under  medium  size,  a  profuse  bloomer. 
Belle  Isidore  grows  rampantly,  even  stronger  than 
the  common  China,  from  which  its  flowers  differ, 
being  more  double,  and  changing  from  pink  to  crim- 
son.    Belle  Clarissima  has  much  of  the  character  of 
Belle  de  Florence,  though  darker  in  colour,  and  if 
any  thing,  more  perfect.     Bisson  a  Odeur  d"^ Anisette 
is  a  delicate  rosy  pink,  of  upright  growth,  produc- 
ing its  flowers  in  loose  clusters  ;  they  are  perfectly 
double,  and  have  a  peculiar  odour.     Boisnard  is 
quite  a  rare  variety,  of  a  pale  sulphur  colour,  chang- 
ing to  neariy  white,  and  appears  to  have  all  the  cha- 


128      ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

racters  of  a  Tea  Rose  except  fragrance.  Camellia- 
flora^  not  white  as  some  will  suppose  from  its  name, 
but  rosy  red  changeable  to  dark  red,  very  perfect 
form,  large  and  distinct.  Cameleon  is  another  of 
the  changeable  sorts,  opening  a  fine  rose  colour,  and 
then  gradually  changing  to  crimson;  is  perfectly 
double,  and  a  strong  grower.  Carmin  d?  Yebles,  is 
very  appropriately  named,  being  of  a  bright  carmine 
colour,  very  perfect,  growing  and  blooming  freely ; 
said  to  be  "striped  with  white;"  many  crimson 
roses  have  stripes  of  white,  which,  in  general,  is 
more  a  fault  than  a  beauty.  Cels,  or  Multijiora 
Cels,  ranks  among  the  best  of  the  blush  roses ;  in- 
deed, for  profusion  of  bloom  it  has  not  a  rival ;  every 
flower  perfect,  fully  double,  and  cup  shaped,  grow- 
ing freely  in  almost  any  soil  or  situation,  and  is  an 
excellent  variety  to  force  into  early  bloom.  Comble 
de  Gloire,  or  The  Buret,  is  a  very  rich  crimson, 
large  and  fully  double ;  a  free  grower  and  bloomer, 
possessing  considerable  fragrance.  Cramoisi  Supe- 
rieur,  or  Bengal  Agrippina,  is  universally  admired 
for  its  brilliant  crimson  cup  formed  flowers,  perfectly 
double ;  it  is  a  strong  grower,  and  should  be  in 
every  collection.  Don  Carlos  may  be  mentioned 
for  being  represented  as  a  striped  variety.  It  closely 
resembles  the  common  Sanguinea,  though  not  so 
bright,  and  has  about  as  many  stripes  as  Sanguinea. 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       129 

Duchess  of  Kent  is  a  neat  pale  pink  rose,  of  a  dwarf 
habit,  and  rather  small-sized  flower.  Etna^  of 
Luxembourg,  and  VEtna  are  the  same,  and  like 
Belle  Isidore  has  that  changeable  colour  from  rose 
to  crimson;  the  petals  are  often  tipped  with  scarlet, 
making  it  very  attractive.  Eugene  Hardy  is  of  a 
delicate  rosy  colour,  very  distinct,  perfectly  double, 
and  medium  size.  Fabvier  and  JVoisette  Jigrippina 
are  the  same,  and  admired  for  brilliancy  of  colour 
(being  near  a  scarlet)  and  its  seeding  qualities. 
General  Soyer,  rosy  purple,  fully  double,  medium 
size.  Gigantea  is  an  old  strong  growing  sort,  pro- 
ducing very  large  and  fully  double  flowers,  blooming 
perfectly,  and  quite  hardy.  Gros  Charles  is  a  mag- 
nificent variety,  with  large  perfectly  imbricated 
flowers  of  a  shaded  rose  colour  ;  the  plant  also  grows 
free  and  strong.  Hibbertia  is  an  American  of  six- 
teen years'  standing,  and  is  one  of  the  prettiest  pink 
fully  double  roses  we  have  ;  though  of  weak  growth, 
it  produces  large  flowers  with  considerable  fragrance. 
Hortensia,  a  very  distinct  old  variety,  perfect  in 
form,  full  size,  a  strong  grower,  blooms  profusely, 
of  a  blush  pink  colour.  Indica  is  the  common  va- 
riety, and  generally  known  as  the  Daily  Rose^  from 
its  frequency  in  blooming,  and  not  from  its  bloom- 
ing every  day,  as  some  suppose ;  it  is  the  type  of 
the  family.     When  we  say  large,  w^e  mean  larger 


130      ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

than  this  rose  (Daily),  and  when  small,  we  mean 
smaller  than  this.  The  flower  is  of  a  dark  blush  or 
rose  colour,  and  about  three  inches  in  diameter.  It 
grows  very  strong,  frequently  making  shoots  five 
feet  long  in  one  season  in  rich  sandy  soil ;  it  is  one 
of  the  best  for  forcing,  and  thousands  of  it  are  sold 
in  the  Philadelphia  market  at  from  six  to  one  hun- 
dred cents  per  plant.  Plants  two  feet  high  are 
grown  from  small  cuttings  forced,  and  sold  within 
twelve  months.  Such  has  been  the  rapidity  of  rose 
culture  about  this  city,  that  seventeen  years  ago 
there  were  not  one  thousand  rose  plants  in  its  vicini- 
ty, and  now  there  are,  at  the  lowest  calculation,  fifty 
thousand  disposed  of  in  the  course  of  a  single  year. 
Indica  Alha  is  the  very  popular  White  Daily  Rose 
first  imported  to  this  country  in  1828,  and  now 
spread  through  every  town,  village,  and  garden  of 
the  Union.  It  is  very  much  like  the  old  White  Tea 
Rose.  Though  the  petals  are  not  so  thick  and  waxy 
as  that  variety,  the  plant  grows  more  freely  and 
blooms  more  profusely.  It  is  also  well  adapted 
for  early  forcing.  Icterose  is  a  creamy-white 
with  yellow  centre ;  a  very  double  variety,  bloom- 
ing and  growing  freely,  and  has  much  the  appear- 
ance of  being  a  variety  of  the  Tea,  though  it  has 
not  much  of  its  fragrance.     Jacksonia*  is   another 

*  In  compliment  to  the  late  President  Jackson. 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        131 


American,  grown  from  the  same  seed  with  Hibber- 
tia,  and  is  a  first  rate  variety,  producing  a  profusion 
of  bright  red  flowers,  perfectly  double  ;  the  wood  is 
strong  and  very  full  of  spines.  It  is  also  known 
under  the  name  of  Hundred  Leaved  Daily.  La  Ccr- 
mens  is  a  beautiful  rose,  the  flower  being  of  the  form 
of  a  White  Camellia,  but  of  a  rosy  crimson-colour ; 
it  is  very  perfect,  and  greatly  admired.  Lady  War- 
render,  very  pure  white,  perfect  cup  form,  pretty 
double,  blooms  abundantly  and  grows  freely,  very 
similar  to  Tea  Clara  Sylvain.  Louis  Philippe  has 
not  an  equal  for  growth,  in  good  soils  frequently 
making  a  shoot  six  feet  long  in  one  season  ;  the 
flowers  are  large,  perfectly  double,  of  a  globular 
form  ;  the  circumference  of  the  bloom  is  of  a  dark 
crimson  colour,  the  centre  a  pale  blush,  making  it 
altogether  perfectly  distinct  from  any  other  rose  in 
cultivation ;  it  will  give  entire  satisfaction.  We 
have  seen  it  passing  under  the  new  name  of  King 
of  France.  Madam  Breon,  bright  rose,  very  large 
double  flower,  of  fine  habit.  Madam  Hersent,  or 
Augustine  Hersent,  is  a  fine  bright  rose-coloured  va- 
riety, very  large,  and  though  not  very  perfect  in  form, 
makes  an  excellent  display ;  is  of  good  growth,  and 
tolerably  hardy.  Marjolin  ranks  among  the  finest 
dark  crimson  roses  ;  it  produces  its  flowers  in  great 
abundance  ;  they  are  large,  globular,  and  perfectly 


132       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 


formed,  quite  hardy,  growing  luxuriantly.  Meillez, 
or  The  a  Fleurs  Jaune,  has  been  cultivated  here 
many  years,  and  though  numbers  have  originated 
since,  yet  none  has  its  character  for  great  profusion 
of  bloom,  luxuriance  of  growth,  and  hardiness  ; 
the  flowers  are  pure  white,  and  produced  in  clus- 
ters. Miss  Belly  beautiful  rosy  blush,  large  flower, 
cup-form,  very  perfect,  an  excellent  American  va- 
riety. Miss  Sergeant  is  a  bright  pink  rose,  of  fine 
habit,  profuse  flowering,  strong  growth,  and  per- 
fectly hardy ;  it  was  grown  from  seed  by  Mr.  Mac- 
kenzie, of  this  city.  Prince  Charles  is  a  fine  light 
crimson  variety,  very  perfect  in  form,  and,  as  well 
as  many  others  of  similar  good  qualities,  is  an  off- 
spring of  the  Luxembourg  Gardens.  Prince  Eugene 
is  a  very  rich  crimson  rose,  being  in  colour  between 
Cramoisi  Superieur,  and  Roi  des  Cramoisis ;  per- 
fectly double  and  hardy.  Queen  of  France,  large, 
dark  red,  very  double,  cup-form,  approaching  the 
character  of  Marjolin.  Peine  de  Lombardie  is  the 
queen  of  the  bright  rosy-red  varieties ;  it  is  of  the 
most  globular  form,  which  it  retains  to  its  last  hour. 
The  flowers  are  perfectly  double,  and  produced  in 
profusion ;  the  plant  grows  rapidly,  and  is  quite 
hardy.  There  is  not  a  rose  of  the  colour  better 
adapted  for  forcing  or  growing  in  pots,  for  the  par- 
lour or  green-house.    Roi  des  Cramoisis  was  brought 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       133 

by  me,  in  1839,  from  Paris,  where  I  saw  the  origi- 
nal plant,  around  which  there  was  a  regularly  trod- 
den path  made  by  its  admirers,  of  which  I  was  one, 
never  before  having  seen  a  dark  rich  crimson  rose 
with  so  much  odour;  the  flowers  too  were  large, 
fully  double,  and  cup  formed  ;  the  plant  three  or  four 
feet  high,  and  fully  loaded  with  its  gorgeous  blos- 
soms. It  has  since  appeared  in  several  collections, 
having  been  imported  under  the  name  of  Eugene 
Beauharnais;  nor  does  the  transmutation  of  names 
appear  to  have  stopped  there,  for  I  have  recently 
seen  it  travelling  under  the  name  of  Bourhon  Beau- 
harnais. It  grows  freely,  and  is  well  worth  cultivat- 
ing. Rubens,  or  Ruhan  Pourpre,  of  the  English, 
is  a  distinct  rosy- violet  coloured  variety,  with  per- 
fectly formed  flowers,  though  not  so  strong  in  growth 
as  many  others.  Semperjlorens;  this  is  the  far-famed 
crimson  Chinese,  or  Sanguinea  Rose,  the  type  of  all 
the  scarlet  or  crimson  varieties  of  this  division  ;  it  is 
perfectly  double,  cup  shaped,  of  a  rich  crimson  co- 
lour, and  is  universally  cultivated  ;  its  nature  is  not  so 
hardy  as  some  others,  but  yet  it  withstands  our  win- 
ters with  very  simple  protection,  and  though  of  hum- 
ble growth,  gives  a  profusion  of  bloom  throughout  the 
entire  season.  Triomphant,  or  Bengal  Tiiomphant 
is  a  popular  rose,  very  large  and  full,  of  violet-crim- 
son colour,  and  may  be  of^en  seen  of  every  shade, 
12 


134      ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

from  rosy-lilac  to  violet- crimson;  the  flowers  are  al- 
ways perfect  in  form.  The  plant  has  passed  under 
several  other  names  in  Europe,  such  as  La  Superbuy 
Grande  et  Belle,  Pceony  JVoisette,  &c.,but  is  known 
with  us  under  the  two  former  names  only.  Triomph 
de  Gand  approaches  the  former,  but  the  colours  are 
not  so  varied,  and  the  plant  is  more  robust  in  habit. 
Vesuvius,  very  bright,  rich  crimson,  medium  size, 
fully  double,  fragrant,  a  strong  grower,  very  desi- 
rable. Virginal,  very  beautiful  blush  passing  to 
blush  white,  full  cup-form,  quite  distinct.  Washing- 
ton was  one  of  our  first  American  seedling  roses, 
grown  by  the  old  house  of  D.  and  C.  Landreth  ;  it 
is  yet  a  distinct  variety  in  both  flowers  and  foliage ; 
the  former  are  crimson,  with  white  at  the  bottom  of 
the  petals,  and  frequently  striped  much  more  dis- 
tinctly than  Don  Carlos  ;  the  foliage  is  a  pale  pecu- 
liar green,  with  red  nerves  ;  it  grows  and  blooms 
freely. 

This  tribe  of  the  rose  family  is  yet  susceptible  of 
great  improvement ;  we  want  some  of  pale  rose  and 
blush  colours,  with  a  few  of  dark  rich  crimson. 
For  the  former,  we  strongly  urge  the  impregnating 
of  Meillez  with  Lady  War  render  and  Queen  of  Lom- 
bardy;  and  Roi  des  Cramoisis  with  Marjolin;  the 
offspring  of  these  will  doubtless  give  some  choice 
sorts.     It  now  requires  a  very  superior  article  tp 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       135 


rank  amongr  first  rate  roses,  and  none  shall  ever, 
with  our  consent,  be  sent  forth  with  a  name,  with- 
out merit.  Standards,  or  rose  trees  of  from  one  to 
thi'ee  feet  of  the  Bengal  sorts,  are  very  attractive, 
and  should  always  be  cultivated  where  variety,  cha- 
racter, and  ornament  are  desired.  They  can  be 
very  easily  budded  on  any  of  the  Boursault,  Prairie, 
or  hardy  blush,  on  either  of  which  they  will  grow 
freely  for  a  few  years,  and  with  care  may  continue 
to  flourish  from  ten  to  fifteen  years,  keeping  their 
heads  close  pruned,  and  giving  them  plenty  of  enrich- 
ing materials  about  their  roots  every  winter.  Some 
of  the  delicate  growing  varieties  can  be  budded  on 
the  stronger  sorts ;  the  common  daily  rose  makes  an 
e^cccllent  stock,  and  it  can  be  propagated  with  such' 
facility  that  any  quantity  of  strong  plants  may  be 
gbt  for  the  purpose.  All  the  China  roses  can  be 
propagated  by  cuttings  taken  from  the  plants  as 
soon  as  they  have  done  blooming,  in  June,  August, 
or  September ;  the  shoots,  about  three  or  four  inches 
long,  that  have  produced  flowers,  are  the  best  for 
the  purpose;  cut  them  off  close  to  the  old  wood, 
and  reduce  them  to  three  inches  in  length,  cutting 
off  the  top  ;  then  insert  them  into  sandy  rich  earth, 
in  a  shady  spot,  or  on  the  north  side  of  a  fence,  or  in 
a  frame  where  they  can  be  shaded  from  the  sun;  it 
is  necessary  to  make  the  cuttings  firm  in  the  soil. 


136       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

leaving  about  an  inch  of  the  top  above  ground,  with 
one  or  two  leaves  thereon ;  give  them  a  sprinkling 
of  water  every  evening  for  a  few  weeks,  when  they 
will  be  rooted,  and  may  then  be  left  to  take  their 
chance ;  if  put  in  in  June  they  will  form  strong 
plants  before  winter;  but  where  .they  are  only  re- 
quired to  a  limited  extent,  layering  will  be  found 
the  safest  method,  and  will  always  produce  a  good 
strong  plant.  For  this  purpose,  select  a  shoot  in 
August,  about  a  foot  long ;  cut  and  place  it  into  the 
ground  as  directed  for  layering  in  a  former  part  of 
this  work.  When  fully  rooted,  about  the  end  of 
October,  they  can  be  cut  off  and  put  away  into  win- 
ter quarters,  either  by  the  heels  in  a  frame,  or  planted 
into  pots.  They  must  be  shaded  from  the  sun  for 
a  few  days  after  removal,  and  will  be  greatly 
strengthened  by  having  their  tops  cut  off,  only 
leaving  one,  or  at  most  two,  branches,  six  to  eight 
inches  long.  Those  of  robust  habit  do  not  make 
handsome  standards ;  they  shoot  away  into  irregular 
forms,  and  require  to  be  repeatedly  trimmed  into 
shape  during  the  growing  season.  Summer  prun- 
ing has  been  strongly  urged  upon  the  horticulturist 
by  many  writers  in  Europe,  where  they  have  a  cool 
humid  climate  to  operate  in;  but  in  this  country, 
where  growth  is  so  rapid,  it  requires  all  the  foliage 
a  plant  produces  to  convey  to  the  roots  the  nourish- 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        137 


ment  (carbonic  acid)  it  derives  from  the  atmosphere, 
to  support  their  free  growth  during  the  months  of 
July  and  August.  Every  leaf,  young  shoot,  or 
branch  that  a  tree  or  plant  is  deprived  of,  during 
the  period  of  their  growth,  is  merely  withdrawing 
from  them  a  portion  of  their  daily  food.  I  have 
rarely  seen  summer  pruning  attended  with  benefi- 
cial results,  but  the  contrary.  The  proper  method 
is  to  disbud,  or  merely  take  the  tip  from  the  extremi- 
ty of  a  shoot.  "The  size  of  a  plant  is  proportional 
to  the  surface  of  the  organs  which  are  destined  to 
convey  food  to  it.  A  plant  gains  another  mouth  and 
stomach  with  every  new  fibre  of  root  and  every  new 
leaf."  When  the  Bengal,  or  any  of  the  Tea  roses, 
that  have  been  planted  in  the  open  ground  during 
the  summer,  are  wanted  to  decorate  the  green-house, 
or  parlour,  during  the  fall  or  winter  months,  the  best ' 
plan  is,  towards  the  middle  of  September,  to  cut  the 
roots  round  each  plant,  leaving  the  ball  of  ground 
less  than  the  pot  you  intend  using.  Cutting  the 
roots  will  cause  the  plant  to  droop,  but  in  about  a 
fortnight  they  will  make  fresh  rootlets,  and  will  be 
ready  for  potting,  which  must  be  done  with  care, 
not  to  crumble  the  ball  of  earth  or  disturb  the  fresh 
roots.  By  this  means  the  plants  will  look  more 
handsome  than  if  they  had  been  grown  in  pots. 
12* 


138       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 


ROSA    LAWRENCIANA. 

THE  MIKIATUKE  ROSE. 

These  diminutive  roses  were  first  introduced 
from  China,  where  the  greatest  efforts  of  horticulture 
are  directed  towards  dwarfing  every  tree,  shrub  or 
plant.  In  this  instance,  however,  it  is  no  peculiar 
mode  of  treatment  that  has  stunted  the  growth  of 
the  plant,  or  diminished  the  size  of  the  flowers; 
but  these  roses  have  been  the  produce  of  seeds 
saved  from  the  smallest  flowers  of  the  kind,  year 
after  year,  till  they  now  have  become  the  fairies  of 
the  tribe.  In  France  they  cultivate  ^bout  a  dozen 
varieties  of  these  Lilliputians,  varying  in  colour 
from  nearly  white  to  dark  crimson.  In  this  country, 
where  almost  every  flower  must  be  a  Goliah,  before 
it  is  admired,  this  family  has  been  nearly  lost  sight 
of.  Indeed,  they  are  entirely  buried,  when  planted 
among  those  gorgeous  flowers  we  have  already  at- 
tempted faintly  to  describe.  It  is  therefore  neces- 
sary, in  cultivating  the  miniature  rose,  to  grow  them 
in  a  spot  by  themselves ;  for  this  purpose  a  slightly 
elevated  position  is  the  best,  the  ground  having  been 
prepared  in  the  same  manner  as  directed  for  Bengals 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        139 

or  Teas.  The  following  are  the  most  distinct  varie- 
ties of  European  origin.  Jilba,  pure  white,  perfect 
in  form,  contrasting  beautifully  with  the  high  co- 
loured sorts — quite  scarce  in  this  country.  Caprice 
des  Dames,  pink  changing  to  blush,  quite  double, 
distinct  from  any  of  the  others.  La  Miniature,  a 
bright  pink  rose,  perfect  in  character,  with  the 
flower  about  the  size  of  half  a  dime,  the  plant  about 
six  inches  high  when  full  grown.  Gloire,  crimson, 
in  size  and  growth  rather  larger  than  the  former. 
Pompon,  of  the  French,  is  our  old  Indica  Minor, 
from  which  no  doubt  they  have  originated.  Bijou 
is  a  clear  rose  colour,  very  similar  to  the  first  named, 
but  a  few  shades  darker.  There  is  also  the  Pretty 
American,  a  plant  of  low  stature,  never  exceeding 
six  or  seven  inches  in  height,  grown  by  Mr.  Boll, 
of  New  York.  And  last  and  least,  we  copy  from 
the  third  volume  of  Hovey's  Magazine  of  Horticul- 
ture an  account  of  the  Prince  of  Dwarfs,  which 
originated  at  Mr.  S.  Feast's,  of  Baltimore. — ^^When 
three  years  old,  the  Master  Burke  had  fine  full  blown 
and  very  double  flowers  y  and  the  half  of  a  common 
hen's  egg-shell  would  have  covered  the  whole  bush 
without  touching  it.  This  I  saw  and  assert  to  be  a 
fact.  It  is  now  seven  or  eight  years  old,  flowers 
regularly  every  year,  affording  wood  for  propagation, 
and  has  never  yet  attained  two  inches  in  height,  nor 


140      ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

its  whole  top  exceeded  one,  or  one  and  a  half  inch  in 
diameter;  the  rose  is  about  the  size  of  a  buck-shot." 
The  article  was  written  by  a  gentleman  of  high 
standing,  with  whom  I  am  personally  acquainted, 
and  do  suppose,  as  he  says,  it  is  **  a  fact,"  although 
I  have  not  been  able  to  get  possession  of  the  plant. 


ROSA    BOURBONIANA. 

TnE   BOURBON  ROSE. 

It  is  about  eight  years  since  we  predicted  that 
this  group  of  roses,  in  a  few  years,  would  be  the 
most  popular  of  the  whole  family  of  the  "  Queen  of 
Flowers;"  that  prediction  is  now  literally  fulfilled, 
in  the  great  demand  by  all  the  admirers  and  culti- 
vators of  the  rose,  for  the  varieties  of  this  family. 
Our  readers  will  allow  that  the  taste  thus  created 
within  a  few  years  is  not  to  be  wondered  at,  when 
we  have  held  up  to  their  admiration  the  choice  bou- 
quet of  these  flowers  whicll  we  are  now  about  to 
present.  As  this  family  has  become  so  very  popu- 
lar, its  history,  no  doubt,  will  prove  interesting  to 
many,  and  is  indeed  worthy  of  some  attention. 

The  'first  of  this  rose  is  said  to  have  been  imported 
from  the  Isle  of  Bourbon  to  France  in  1822,  and  is 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        141 

there  known  in  the  catalogue  of  the  French  growers 
as  Rose  de  Ulle  de  Bourbon.  It  attracted  great 
attention  by  its  peculiar  habit  and  profusion  of  bril- 
liant bright  rose-coloured  flowers,  blooming  in  June, 
with  a  slight  tendency  to  flower  again  in  autumn  ; 
not  being  fully  double,  it  produced  an  abundance 
of  seed,  from  which  varieties  were  obtained  that 
bloomed  freely  the  whole  season.  The  only  roses 
known  on  the  island,  were  the  common  China,  and 
the  Red-four-seasons,  till  about  the  year  1816,  when 
a  Monsieur  Perichon  was  planting  a  hedge  of  these, 
and  among  his  plants  found  one  very  different  from 
the  others  in  its  shoots  and  leaves,  which  induced 
him  to  plant  it  in  his  garden,  where  it  was  dis- 
covered by  a  French  botanist,  and  sent  home  in 
1822  to  Monsieur  Jacques,  then  gardener  at  the 
Chateau  de  Neuilly ;  this  accounts  for  the  name  of 
"Bourbon  Jacques,"  frequently  given  by  English 
growers  to  the  common  Bourbon  Rose.  It  w^as  in- 
troduced to  this  country,  in  1828,  by  the  late  Mr. 
Thomas  Hibbert,  whose  name  will  always  be  asso- 
ciated in  the  memory  of  many  with  rose  culture. 
This  association  of  ideas,  connected  with  a  particu- 
lar subject,  often  flashes  on  the  mind  with  the  vivid- 
ness of  a  sunbeam.  The  first  perfect  specimen  I 
ever  saw  of  this  rose,  was  in  the  possession  of  that 
cultivator,  and  although  it  is  now  seventeen  years 


142       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

ago,  the  spot,  the  company,  the  remarks,  the  very 
words,  all  recur  to  me  most  forcibly  whenever  this 
rose  is  introduced;  "thus  thought  follows  thought, 
according  to  the  order  in  which  object  and  events 
are  related  to  each  other."  The  perpetuity  of  bloom, 
and  the  hardy  nature  of  the  Bourbon  Rose  fills  up  a 
chasm  that  had  long  been  deplored  by  amateurs  and 
cultivators  in  northern  latitudes.  They  are  decidedly 
more  robust,  and  withstand  a  greater  degree  of  cold 
than  either  the  Noisette,  Tea,  or  Bengal  roses.  It 
is  now  our  impression,  that  in  a  few  years,  these, 
with  the  "Remontante"  family,  will  be  the  only 
roses  cultivated  in  all  the  states  north  of  Virginia ; 
and  there  is  no  reason  why,  in  time,  there  should 
not  be  among  them  specimens  exhibiting  all  the  dis- 
tinctive varieties  disseminated  among  other  groups, 
such  as  mossy,  striped,  spotted,  mottled,  not  except- 
ing a  yellow  colour  in  its  brightest  shade.  I  have 
before  me  notes  taken  from  forty-four  varieties  of 
the  Bourbon  Rose  that  have  appeared  since  the 
publication  of  our  first  edition,  many  of  them  mere 
repetitions  of  former  varieties,  others  far  surpassing 
any  previously  observed,  combining  size,  delicacy 
of  colour,  and  fragrance;  though  it  must  be  ob- 
served that  the  pale  colours  of  this  family  have 
generally  the  least  fragrance.     In  those  now  de- 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        143 

scribed,  every  colour  will  be  found,  from  nearly 
pure  white  to  dark  crimson  purple. 

Addalie  has  been  in  cultivation  several  years, 
but  is  only  now  coming  into  notice  for  its  distinct 
pale  rose-white  colour  ;  the  flower  is  perfect  in  form, 
large,  and  a  little  fragrant ;  the  plant  is  quite  hardy, 
and  grows  well.  Ameiiiade,  bright  rose  when  first 
open  fading  to  paler,  very  perfect  form,  strong 
grower,  blooming  in  large  clusters.  Augustine  Le^ 
lieur  possesses  considerable  fragrance,  is  of  a  rosy- 
purple  colour,  full,  round,  well  formed,  and  is  a 
strong  grower,  but  does  not  open  well  in  the  early 
part  of  the  season.  Amourette  is  a  pale  flesh-co- 
loured variety,  with  flowers  very  perfect  and  distinct ; 
though  smaller  than  many  others,  it  is  very  profuse. 
Asteroide  is  of  a  bright  rose  colour,  fully  double, 
growing  freely.  Beluze,  or  Anne  Beluze,  pale  waxy 
blush,  very  perfect  in  form,  a  distinct  article.  Biza- 
line  is  of  the  medium  size,  of  a  fine  cup-form, 
colour  rosy- crimson.  Bouquet  de  Flore  is  a  great 
favourite,  and  though  it  has  been  cultivated  some 
years,  is  yet  quite  scarce;  the  flowers  are  very 
large,  perfectly  double,  with  large  round  firm  petals, 
blooming  very  profusely.  It  possesses  considerable 
fragrance,  is  a  strong  grower,  and  quite  hardy. 
Cardinal  Feschy  flowers  of  a  crimson  colour,  medium 
size,  but  produced  in  profusion,  quite  double  and 


144       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

distinct,  and  cannot  be  mistaken.  Celimene  grows 
with  vigour ;  the  shoots  are  densely  studded  with 
strong  prickles ;  flowers  of  a  delicate  rose  colour, 
medium  size,  and  fully  double.  Ceres  is  a  rosy 
lilac,  perfectly  double,  but  does  not  open  well  in  the 
early  part  of  the  season ;  it  grows  with  rapidity,  and 
opens  fully  after  midsummer.  Charles  Souchet,  dark 
rosy  violet  changing  to  crimson,  quite  large,  full, 
cup-form,  perfect.  Cornice  de  Seine  et  Marne,  very 
bright  crimson,  shell  formed  petals,  very  double, 
blooms  in  clusters.  Comte  de  Rambuteau,  very 
changeable  rosy  crimson,  large  full  flower  of  an 
irregular  form.  Comtesse  de  Resseguire ;  this  rose,  so 
brilliantly  heralded,  is  far  eclipsed  by  several  of  the 
same  colour,  a  pale  waxy  blush  fading  to  creamy 
white.  Desgaces,  cup  form,  bright  rose  colour,  in 
large  clusters  of  strong  growth,  and  a  free  bloomer. 
Due  de  Chartres,  fine  form,  large,  bright  rose  colour, 
blooms  freely.  Dumont  de  C  our  set,  dark  rosy  car- 
mine, cup  form,  changeable.  Doctor  Rogues,  or 
Crimson  Globe,  of  the  English,  is  of  robust  habit, 
makes  an  elegant  standard ;  the  flowers  are  globular, 
finely  formed,  of  a  rich  dark  crimson  colour,  the  plant 
perfectly  distinct,  and  when  once  seen  it  cannot  be 
mistaken.  .D'  Yebles  grows  very  like  the  old  Madam 
Desprez,  but  the  flowers  are  of  a  much  brighter 
colour,  the  foliage  very  large,  and  the  plant  quite 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       145 

strong.  Dupetit  Thouars,  dark  crimson,  full  cupped 
flower  in  clusters,  a  free  bloomer.  Emilie  Courtier 
does  not  appear  to  open  freely  till  after  July,  when 
it  shows  its  fine  rose-coloured  fragrant  flowers  in 
great  perfection.  Fedora,  bright  crimson,  perfectly 
double,  a  strong  grower,  and  will  yet  prove  to  be  a 
fine  pillar  rose.  General  Dubourg,  when  well  grown, 
produces  its  large  pale  rose-coloured  flowers  in  great 
clusters,  highly  fragrant,  giving  a  profuse  autumnal 
blooming ;  it  is  a  strong  grower,  and  makes  a  fine 
pillar  variety.  Gloire  de  Rosainene,  for  profusion 
of  bloom  from  June  till  severe  frost,  has  not  an  equal ; 
the  flowers  are  nearly  bright  scarlet,  produced  in 
large  clusters,  but  are  not  fully  double,  of  rampant 
growth,  making  a  fine  pillar  plant,  very  conspicuous 
in  the  distance,  clothed  with  large  foliage  from  bot- 
tom to  top.  George  Cuvier,  pale  rose,  finely  formed, 
medium  growth,  a  free  bloomer.  Gloire  de  Pans, 
deep  crimson,  large  cupped  flower,  a  very  profuse 
bloomer.  General  Taylor,  (Boll,)  dark  violet  purple, 
perfect  form,  a  profuse  flowering  variety  of  strong 
growth.  Henry  Clay,  (Raabe,)  pale  blush,  strong 
growth,  perfect  form,  very  distinct.  Henry  Clay, 
(Boll,)  large  brilliant  carmine,  fully  double,  in  large 
clusters,  a  strong  grower,  and  a  splendid  variety, 
blooming  profusely  the  whole  season.  Hersilie,  rosy 
pink,  distinct  colour,  large  flower,  cupped  and 
13 


146       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

fully  double,  a  free  bloomer.  Hennequin,  in  growth, 
equal  to  Madam  Desprez,  and  very  much  of  its 
habit,  flowering  in  immense  clusters  of  rosy  crim- 
son flowers.  When  on  its  own  roots,  in  rich  light 
ground,  it  will  grow  to  any  size.  Hermosa,  or 
Armosa,  of  some,  an  old  variety  and  still  a  favour- 
ite ;  the  flowers  are  of  the  most  exquisite  form, 
perfectly  cupped  ;  though  under  the  medium  size, 
the  deficiency  is  made  up  in  the  profusion  of  pale 
rose-coloured  flowers.  It  is  a  dwarf  grower,  and 
makes  a  fine  bush  or  standard ;  it  also  does  well 
in  the  green-house.  Henry  Plantier  is  a  popular 
variety,  producing  a  profusion  of  deep  rose-coloured 
flowers  of  medium  size  ;  a  free  grower.  Julie  de  Fon- 
tenelle,  a  decided  acquisition,  very  perfectly  formed, 
large  deep  red  flowers,  quite  fragrant,  of  a  strong 
growth,  blooming  freely.  Lady  Canning,  pale  rose 
colour,  rather  small  flowers,  quite  double,  blooming 
in  clusters.  Le  Grenadier,  dark  crimson,  of  strong 
habit,  very  perfect  flowers,  and  will  form  a  fine  pillar 
variety.  Le  Phenix,  a  bright  red,  with  flowers  beau- 
tifully imbricated  to  the  very  centre.  Its  habit  is 
similar  to  Hermosa.  Madam  Jiude,  of  a  bright  rose 
colour,  with  finely  formed  flowers ;  it  grows  vigor- 
ously, and  will  make  a  good  pillar  plant.  Madam 
Desprez;  it  is  thirteen  years  since  I  first  imported 
this  rose,  together  with  Aimee  Vibert,  Lamarque, 


KOSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        147 


Jaune  Desprez,  and  some  others  of  equal  celebrity ; 
they  will  maintain  their  character  for  a  quarter  of  a 
century  to  come,  and  should  be  in  every  garden  be- 
tween this  and  Nachitoches.  This  rose  originated 
with  Monsieur  Desprez,  a  distinguished  French  ama- 
teur ;  it  is  considerably  hybridized  with  the  Noisette, 
and  like  that  variety  produces  its  bright  rose-coloured 
flowers  in  immense  clusters ;  from  thirty  to  seventy 
bloom  in  each  when  the  plant  is  fully  established ;  the 
foliage  is  a  rich  green,  strong  and  handsome.  Ma- 
dam Angelina,  very  perfect,  pale  creamy  blush, 
nearly  the  colour  of  the  Queen,  medium  growth,  a 
free  bloomer  and  makes  a  fine  standard.  Madam  La- 
cJiarme,  very  perfect,  rose  white  flower,  quite  full,  in 
large  clusters,  growing  and  blooming  freely.  Ma- 
dam JVerard  is  of  a  waxy  blush  or  fawn  colour ;  this 
new  variety  is  as  perfect  as  any  of  the  family,  and 
will  be  a  great  favourite.  Madam  Souchet,  another 
blush  variety  of  elegant  form  shading  to  pink,  very 
pretty.  Manteau  de  Jeanne  d^Arc;  this  and  Reine  du 
Congress  have  a  great  resemblance  to  each  other  in 
colour,  though  different  in  habit,  both  waxy  pale 
blush,  and  though  described  as  "  tinted  with  rose," 
all  blush  roses  become  tinted  after  being  full  blown. 
Mrs.  Bosanqicet,  as  intimated  in  our  first  edition,  has 
been  placed  among  the  Bourbons  ;  it  is  one  of  the 
most  popular  of  roses;    full   cup-form,  large  pale 


148       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

blush,  flowers  growing  freely ;  a  plant  in  this  vicinity- 
is  twenty-five  feet  high  and  fifteen  wide.  Madam 
JYeumanUy  Le  Brun,  Gloire  de  France,  or  the 
Monthly  Cabbage,  appear  to  be  one  and  the  same 
rose.  I  have  repeatedly  gone  from  plant  to  plant, 
and  compared  flower  with  flower,  but  could  come  to 
no  other  conclusion ;  w^hen  Le  Brun  appeared  with  so 
fine  a  character,  about  five  years  ago,  I  tried  to  per- 
suade myself  it  was  a  new  rose,  but  in  vain  ;  if 
they  are  not  one  and  the  same,  they  are  at  least 
perfectly  similar,  producing  fine  large  deep  rose- 
coloured  flowers  of  exquisite  fragrance,  but  do  not 
open  well  in  the  early  part  of  the  season,  or  during 
wet  weather;  they  are  of  strong  growth,  requiring 
very  rich  soil.  Marechal  de  Villars  is  a  very  beau- 
tiful and  distinct  rose,  with  bright  rosy-purple 
flowers,  very  compact,  blooming  profusely  in  either 
wet  or  dry  soils;  it  is  a  good  grower,  and  will 
always  reward  the  care  bestowed  upon  it;  it  will 
grow  either  as  a  bush  or  pillar  rose.  JYinon  de 
UEnclos  is  a  free  growing  deep  rosy  purple  variety, 
but  never  shows  its  character  of  free  blooming  till 
well  established ;  whereas  many  Bourbon  Roses 
bloom  when  a  few  inches  high.  Paul  Joseph  is  a 
scarce  variety,  of  a  brilliant  crimson  colour,  rich 
large  foliage.  Pierre  de  St.  Cyre,  a  very  perfectly 
formed  pale  rose-coloured  flower,  blooming  profusely 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        149 

in  clusters,  plant  of  strong  habit.  Phillipar  is  of  a 
beautiful  peach-blossom  colour ;  the  plant  grows 
rapidly  when  well  established,  producing  very  large 
clusters  of  flowers,  rather  under  medium  size,  but  in 
profusion,  forming  a  handsome  pillar  plant.  Pourpre 
Fqfait,  a  small  flower  in  profuse  clusters,  of  a  deep 
crimson  colour.  Prince  of  Salm,  bright  rosy-violet, 
very  double,  opens  most  freely  in  warm  w^eather. 
Reine  des  Verges  is  rather  a  fine  variety,  quite 
scarce,  of  perfect  cup-form,  delicate  creamy  blush, 
an  abundant  bloomer.  Proserpine,  violet  purple,  the 
flowers  are  large  and  well  formed.  Reine  des  lies  de 
Bourbon,  or  the  Queen  of  the  Bourbons ,  has  been 
admired  ever  since  it  made  its  appearance  in  the 
family ;  at  first  it  was  thought  to  be  a  Bengal.  The 
colour  is  a  beautiful  waxy  blush,  with  petals  per- 
fectly formed,  bold,  and  cup-shaped ;  a  half-blown 
rose  from  this  plant  is  loveliness  itself ;  the  plant  is 
rather  dwarf  in  habit,  but  in  a  proper  climate  and 
genial  soil,  will  grow  as  high  as  desired.  Souchet, 
bright  crimson,  perfect  cup-form,  large  flower,  plant 
of  medium  growth.  Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison  is 
of  a  delicate  blush,  flower  very  large,  perfect  form, 
blooming,  when  well  grown,  in  clusters,  making  it 
very  conspicuous,  forces  freely,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  splendid  of  the  Bourbon  Roses.  Souvenir 
de  Dumont  D'  Urville,  bright  red,  fading  to  dark  crim- 
13* 


150      ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 


son,  globular  form,  quite  double,  blooming  freely. 
Therese  Mar  gat,  or  Madam  Mar  gat,  approaches 
"Phoenix,"  though  perhaps  not  so  bright ;  the  flow- 
ers are  beautifully  cupped,  quite  double,  and  fra- 
grant ;  it  is  of  strong  gro\vth.  Theresita  is  of  a 
bright  rose  colour,  perfectly  double,  very  distinct 
from  any  other  sort,  in  its  bushy  growth  and  profu- 
sion of  bloom.  Triomphe  de  Plantier  is  another  of 
the  habit  of  Madam  Desprez ;  the  flowers  are  much 
darker,  being  of  a  fine  bright  crimson  colour,  of  the 
most  perfect  form,  and  produced  in  large  clusters. 
Victoire  Argentee  is  one  of  the  very  pale  Bourbons, 
of  cup -form,  opening  of  a  very  light  rose  colour,  fading 
to  a  pale  blush ;  it  is  quite  fragrant,  growing  and 
blooming  freely.  Violet  de  Belgique  is  one  of  the 
most  fragrant  of  the  family,  having  all  the  agreeable 
odour  of  the  Damask  Rose ;  the  flowers  are  of  noble 
form,  large,  and  double ;  a  great  favourite.  Zulema 
has  much  of  the  Noisette  character  and  colour  in  its 
flowers,  being  a  pale  blush,  produced  in  immense 
clusters  of  forty  to  seventy  in  each  when  the  plant 
is  thoroughly  grown ;  the  growth  and  foliage  have 
all  the  appearance  of  the  Bourbon,  and  it  makes  a 
very  desirable  variety. 

There  are  several  others  in  this  most  interesting 
family  well  deserving  notice,  and  even  very  desira- 
ble where  a  full  collection  is  grown,  although  it 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       151 

mnst  be  confessed  that  there  exists  in  this  tribe, 
great  confusion  in  regard  to   name,  and  there  are 
many  instances  of  the  same  article    passing  under 
different  names  in  different   collections.     Some  of 
these  errors  have  originated  in  this    country,  unin- 
tentionally, I  presume  ;  others  have  been  committed 
in  France,  in  sending  out  the  article  not  true  to 
name.     It  must  also  be  conceded  that  our  English 
brethren  have  their  full  share   in  these  practices ; 
and  with  their  host  of  synonymes  (to  give  them  no 
harsher  name)  completely  blindfold  us.     Under  their 
"Crimson  Globe"  we  discovered  our  friend  "Dr. 
Roques ;"  and  under  their  crimson  "Madam  Des- 
prez,"  or  "  Splendens,"  we  see  our  "  Hennequin." 
The  public  have  frowned  down  those  practices  the 
past  few  years.     Certainly  no  reputable  establish- 
ment ever  was  guilty  of  it.     The  history  of  Roses 
is  now  so  generally  known  that  the  mind  would  be 
very  vitiated  to  lay  hold  on   any  subterfuge  when 
bright  honour  is  so  liberally  patronized.     There  are 
also  some  recent  additions,  only  known  by  name,  with 
whose  colour  and  character  we  have  yet  to  be  acquaint- 
ed :  such  as  Henri  Lecoq,  Thisbe,  Leveson  Gower, 
Tnomphe  de  la  Duchere,  &c.    Among  them  we  have 
not  a  pure  white,  nor  a  striped ;  till  such  are  obtained, 
this  finest  family  of  the  Rose  is  incomplete.     The 
Bourbons,    generally,   make    fine    standard  plants, 


152       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

either  on  low  or  high  stems ;  as  they  are  nearly  all 
of  strong  growth,  and  produce  a  constant  succession 
of  bloom  the  whole  season,  they  require  to  be  highly 
nourished,  either  with  rich  soils,  or  copious  water- 
ings with  liquid  manure.  If  on  standards,  the  tops 
of  them  will  be  benefitted  if  protected  as  advised 
for  Tea  and  Bengal  roses  ;  or  the  whole  plant  may 
be  removed  to  a  shaded  situation,  where,  after  shel- 
tering them,  lay  them  in  by  the  heels,  and  cover 
them  with  boards ;  when  spring  opens  prune  them 
close,  and  plant  them  where  desired,  in  fresh  pre- 
pared soil.  This  removal  is  even  beneficial  to  them, 
for  it  is  well  known  to  all  growers  that  the  Rose  is 
improved  by  a  change  of  soil,  unless  it  be  in  those 
deep  alluvial  soils  that  have  never  been  cultivated; 
in  such  the  roots  run  yearly  in  quest  of,  and  obtain, 
genial  nourishment  for  any  length  of  time.  But  in 
the  eastern  and  northern  states,  it  is  absolutely  ne- 
cessary to  lift  the  plants  that  are  budded,  and  place 
them  under  protection.  Those  grown  on  their  own 
roots  may  be  well  surrounded  with  dry  leaves,  which 
will  protect  them  from  the  sudden  changes  of  our 
winter  season,  in  latitudes  north  of  this ;  and  even 
if  their  tops  be  destroyed,  they  will  push  vigorously 
from  the  roots,  and  produce  their  flowers  in  full  per- 
fection. They  should  not  be  allowed  to  go  to  seed ; 
remove  the  flower  stems  as  soon  as  they  are  faded  ; 
it  increases  the  reproduction  of  bloom. 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       153 


REMONTANTES. 


OR  HYBRID  PERPETUAL  ROSE. 


This  is  a  new  tribe,  that  has  originated  within  a 
few  years,  between  the  Perpetual  and  Bourbon  Roses, 
possessing  the  beauty  and  fragrance  of  the  former 
with  the  growth  and  foliage  of  the  latter  ;  they  pro- 
duce an  abundance  of  flowers  from  June  to  Novem- 
ber ;*  they  open  a  field  of  pleasure  to  the  northern 
grower  and  amateur,  which  had  hitherto  been  re- 
served only  to  the  rose  fanciers  of  more  favoured 
climes.  They  are  equally  as  hardy  as  the  common 
garden  rose ;  and  by  careful  cultivation,  good  soil, 
frequent  waterings  in  dry  weather,  depriving  them 
of  all  faded  flower-stems,  they  will  show  flowers  the 

*  The  high  expectations  formed  of  this  new  division  of  the  Rose 
have  not,  and  will  not  be  fully  realized;  they  are  deficient  in  a  general 
and  constant  inflorescence,  even  with  the  richest  culture  and  best 
of  practice.  Cutting  back  exuberant  shoots  in  early  summer  does 
not  always  give  bloom  late  in  the  season.  We  say  without  fear 
that  one-half  of  the  varieties  will  not  give  a  bloom  in  September 
and  October,  and  those  that  do  flower  are  far  from  being  profuse. 
They  require  to  have  more  of  the  best  of  the  Bourbon  Roses  in 
their  composition  to  suit  the  choice  amateur. 


154       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 


whole  season  till  destroyed  by  frost.  Their  general 
habit  is  robust  and  vigorous  to  a  remarkable  degree ; 
their  flowers  large,  perfect,  fragrant,  and  of  almost 
every  colour.  We  cannot  give  any  idea  of  the 
beauty  they  may  attain  to  in  the  southern  states, 
where  the  soil  is  so  genial  to  their  culture,  but  they 
cannot  fail  to  grow  and  flower  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  most  fastidious  taste.  The  varieties  are  yet 
limited,  compared  with  many  of  the  families  we  have 
described,  but  a  few  years  will  multiply  them  to  a 
greater  extent.  We  cannot  fully  depend  upon  the 
very  flattering,  if  not  extravagant,  descriptions  of 
many  roses  emanating  from  growers  in  every  coun- 
try. The  beauties  of  the  child  are  most  evident  to 
the  parent  ;  so  with  the  rose  ;  though  its  charms  are 
sweet  to  all,  yet  they  are  sweeter  to  him  whose  fos- 
tering hand  has  raised  it  from  seed.  To  obtain  a 
new  variety,  meriting  extra  notice,  in  this  improving 
age,  is  no  paltry  aflair  ;  and  many,  like  "  Queen 
Victoria,"  are  named  before  their  merit  has  been 
fully  tested,  and  sent  out  to  the  floricultural  world, 
as  it  were,  on  trial.  But  we  will  mention  only  those 
in  which  there  need  be  no  fear  of  disappointment. 
Ariciey  bright  rose,  fine  cup-form,  large,  and  very 
fragrant.  Baronne  Prevost  is  of  very  strong  growth, 
large  foliage,  flowers  cupped  and  double.  Auher- 
non  is  an  excellent  bloomer,  even  to  profusion,  with 


ROSES   THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        155 

perfect  bright,  rosy,  carmine  flowers.  Of  the  same 
character  is  Jiugustine  Mouchelet,  though  more  on 
the  violet  colour;  it  is  also  a  rampant  grower.  Cle- 
mentine Duval  hdiS  much  the  character  of  a  Bourbon, 
even  to  its  dwarfness ;  the  flowers  are  quite  perfect, 
of  a  bright  pink  colour.  Comte  d^Eu,  a  distinct 
dwarf,  with  bright  carmine  flowers,  fully  double. 
Comtesse  Ihichatel  cost  me  twenty-five  francs,  and 
is  not  worth  half  that  sum,  though  a  good  variety, 
with  finely  cupped  flowers,  of  a  deep  rose  colour. 
Comtesse  Mole,  delicate  rosy-blush,  crown  form, 
distinct  colour,  fragrant.  Comte  de  Paris  has  mag- 
nificent large  rosy-purple  flowers,  perfect  in  form, 
with  a  delicate  fragrance,  blooming  superbly  through 
the  fall  months.  Doctmr  Marx  has  flowers  of  a 
crimson-violet  colour,  and  perfect,  growing  freely. 
Due  d^Mengon  appears  much  of  the  Bourbon,  with 
pretty  pink  flowers  of  globular  form.  Dr.  Marjolin, 
bright  red,  beautiful  cup-form,  a  free  bloomer,  very 
fragrant.  De  JVeuilly  is  more  dwarf  than  the  for- 
mer ;  the  flowers  are  of  a  beautiful  clear  rose,  and 
highly  fragrant ;  it  is  a  very  perfect  and  distinct 
variety.  Due  d'^Aumale  is  a  pale  crimson  rose,  a 
strong  grower  and  free  bloomer.  Duchesse  de  Suth- 
erland is  not  so  constant  a  bloomer  as  some  others, 
but  for  rapid  growth  it  has  few  equals  among  the 
tribe,  and  its  very  double  flesh-coloured  flowers  are 


156       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

quite  beautiful.  Edouard  Jesse  has  been  a  favourite 
with  US  these  two  years,  and  is  still  admired  for  the 
beautiful  flowers,  of  a  bright  red  circled  by  a  pale 
tint,  delightfully  fragrant.  Emma  Dampiere  and 
Fidouline  are  both  superior  varieties,  of  a  dark  rose 
colour.  Fulgorie  is  a  noble  rose,  of  a  rosy  crimson 
colour,  very  large  and  perfect,  producing  its  flow- 
ers in  clusters  like  the  old  Monthly  Cabbage,  but  al- 
ways opening  handsomely ;  the  wood  is  very  strong 
and  thickly  studded  with  prickles.  General  Merlin, 
bright  rosy  red,  entirely  too  small  for  cultivation  in 
this  class.  Julia  Dupont,  a  neat  rosy  pink  flower, 
rather  fragrant,  foliage  not  so  agreeable  as  that  of 
many  other  sorts.  Lady  Fordwich  grows  freely, 
and  produces  the  whole  season  a  profusion  of  per- 
fectly double  flowers,  of  a  rosy-pink  colour,  with  the 
odour  of  the  Damask  Rose.  Lady  Peel,  deep  rosy- 
pink  colour,  lovely  cup-form,  very  double  and  quite 
sweet  scented.  Lady  Elphingstone  is  of  a  delicate 
rosy-red  colour,  imbricated,  fully  double,  a  free 
grower.  Lane,  large  bright  rose,  perfect  form,  a  free 
grower,  and  will  make  a  fine  pillar  plant.  La  Reine, 
one  of  the  most  superb  of  the  group,  flowers  of  the 
largest  size,  colour  rosy  lilac,  perfect  cup  or  bowl 
form,  a  strong  grower,  fragrant.  Madam  Dememe 
is  of  a  rich  rose  colour,  very  large,  flower  cup-form, 
quite  fragrant,  a  strong  grower,  with  very  rich  fo- 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        157 

liage.  Madame  Prevost  is  of  strong  upright  habit, 
splendid  foliage,  with  bright  rose-coloured  fragrant 
flowers.  Marquise  Boccella,  quite  a  favourite,  being 
a  distinct  dwarf  variety,  with  pale  silvery  blush 
flowers,  very  double,  blooming  freely  the  whole  sea- 
son. Louis  Bonaparte  has  immense  rosy-lilac  flow- 
ers, fully  double,  always  perfect,  growing  with  great 
luxuriance,  and  makes  a  splendid  plant.  Madam 
Lqffay  has  large,  double,  exquisitely  formed  flowers 
of  a  rich  rosy-crimson  colour,  with  the  delightful 
fragrance  of  the  Cabbage  Rose.  It  originated 
with  Monsieur  Laffay,  a  celebrated  rose-grower 
near  Paris,  who  dedicated  it  to  his  wife.  Mare- 
chal  Soult  is  another  charming  variety,  of  a  bright 
rosy-purple  colour,  very  double,  imbricated,  and  fra- 
grant. Marquis  of  Ailsa^  rich  rosy-crimson,  full 
flower,  and  a  strong  grower.  Melanie  Comu,  deep 
crimson,  fully  double,  a  free  bloomer  in  the  early 
part  of  the  season.  Mistress  ElliotVs  charms  con- 
sist in  its  distinctive  rosy-lilac  flowers  blooming 
freely,  and  growing  vigorously,  contrasting  well  with 
Ponctuee.  In  this  variety  we  are  promised  a  bright 
rose-coloured  flower  spotted  with  crimson  and  white, 
not  yet  flowered  with  us.  Prince  of  Wales,  rosy-lilac, 
in  large  clusters,  growing  freely,  a  good  bloomer. 
Princesse  Helene,  a  beautiful  deep  rosy-red  globular 
flower,  possessing  an  agreeable  fragrance,  and  blooms 
14 


158       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

freely.  Prudence  Roeser  has  a  portion  of  the  Noi- 
sette character  in  its  disposition  to  cluster ;  the  flow- 
ers are  a  beautiful  pink,  perfectly  formed;  though  not 
so  large  as  some  others,  it  is  a  very  distinct  vari- 
ety. Prince  Alherfs  magnificent  rich  crimson  flow- 
ers are  very  grand,  being  of  the  mostperfect  cup-form, 
inclining  to  globular  ;  it  grows  strongly,  and  is  very 
fragrant ;  its  only  fault  is  in  its  not  blooming  so  pro- 
fusely in  the  fall.  ^Reine  de  la  Guillotiere,  bright  rosy- 
violet,  a  very  decided  variety,  of  a  fine  cupped  shape, 
fra^ant  and  blooming  in  noble  clusters.  Rivers  has 
large  flowers,  in  clusters,  of  brilliant  crimson  inclining 
to  scarlet ;  very  fragrant,  and  a  great  favourite.  You- 
lande  d^Jlrragon,  pale  rosy-blush,  very  distinct,  quite 
desirable  in  the  family  among  so  many  of  a  uniform 
rosy-red  colour ;  it  blooms  profusely,  makes  shoots 
four  to  six  feet  long,  and  will  form  a  fine  pillar  plant. 
These  varieties  have  all  flowered  under  our  observa- 
tion, and  are  great  acquisitions  to  the  lover  of  the 
rose.  From  these  descriptions,  it  will  be  observed 
that  this  group  is  yet  deficient  in  flowers  of  a  pale 
or  white  colour,  which,  for  the  present,  iscertainly 
a  defect.  There  is  not  even  in  the  horizon  an  ap- 
parent remedy,  though  there  are  some  very  much 
flattered  varieties  to  be  proved,  such  as  Commandant, 
Coquette  de  Meudon^  Eugene  Sue,  Madame  Johey, 
Princesse  de  Salerne,  and  several  others,  all  of  high 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       159 


colours,  and  will  require  another  season  to  prove 
and  multiply  them.  With  the  great  facilities  for  pro- 
pagating, and  the  many  hands  applied  to  it,  no  rose 
can  be,  for  any  length  of  time,  a  rarity  about  Phila- 
delphia. But  no  doubt  there  will  be  many  discre- 
pancies when  tested  by  an  eye  that  gives  merit  pre- 
cedence over  rarity. 

This  very  magnificent  class  of  the  rose  family 
cannot  be  too  extensively  cultivated ;  many  of  them 
are  free  bloomers  ;  but  to  have  them  in  full  perfec- 
tion, they  should  be  deprived  of  a  great  portion  of 
their  first  blooming  buds,  and  have  a  few  of  their 
shoots  cut  back.  Indeed,  the  principal  part  of  their 
first  buds  can  easily  be  dispensed  with ;  for  it  is  then 
the  rosy  season;  the  great  aim  of  the  fancier  and 
cultivator  is  to  extend  that  season,  which,  with  the 
above  sacrifice,  is  at  once  accomplished.  These 
plants,  whose  luxuriance  and  immense  flowers  have 
been  the  result  of  hybridizing  and  exciting  culture, 
deserve  all  the  care  that  can  be  bestowed  upon  them. 
Every  encouragement  must  be  given  to  promote  the 
growth  of  the  plant,  which  is  best  done  in  the  winter 
season,  by  composts  and  manures,  or  in  the  summer 
by  rich  waterings  ;  these  waterings  should  not  be 
given  oftener  than  once  a  week.  As  these  roses  are 
yet  quite  scarce  on  their  own  roots,  we  have  intro- 
duced a  standard  rose,  at  page  90,  to   show  their 


160       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

beauty  and  the  effect  they  have.  When  trained  in 
that  way  they  are  gems  intheparterre — regular  nose- 
gays elevated  to  a  convenient  distance  to  enjoy  all 
their  beauty  and  fragrance.  When  there  are  mossy, 
yellow,  and  striped  roses  in  this  family,  rose  culture 
will  have  approached  its  climax. 


PERPETUAL    DAMASK    ROSES. 

Seventeen  years  ago,  this  division  of  the  Rose 
was  known  only  to  a  very  limited  extent,  not  going 
beyond  the  old  Monthly  Damask  and  the  Portland 
— the  types  of  the  group,  which  in  that  short  period 
have  become  so  extensive,  and  varied  in  colour  and 
character,  that  the  parentage  of  many  is  difficult  to 
point  out.  But  unfortunately  there  are  those  that 
pass  for  perpetual,  which,  with  all  our  art,  we  can- 
not cause  to  produce  even  a  second  blooming  in  the 
season,  except  by  demolishing  all  the  buds  they  form 
in  June  to  make  them  flower  in  September.  Many 
of  them  have  another  feature  of  obstinacy,  and  this 
is,  that  in  rooting  by  layers,  they  nearly  all  take 
two  years  to  form  rootlets ;  we  have,  in  consequence, 
either  to  graft  or   bud  them  on  other  roses  at  any 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       161 

desired  height.  Several  of  them  were  brought  into 
notice  before  the  famous  Bourbon  Roses,  and  were 
looked  upon  as  the  ne  plus  ultra  of  the  Rosary.  The 
perfection  and  beauty  of  many  of  their  flowers  can- 
not even  yet  be  outvied,  and  their  stiffness  of  habit 
is  not  unpleasant  when  properly  placed.  The  best 
form  to  grow  them  is  on  standards,  from  six  inches 
to  four  feet  high.  They  are  perfectly  hardy  in  all 
latitudes  where  the  Damask  Rose  will  grow.  In 
bleak  situations,  where  the  thermometer  falls  fre- 
quently below  zero,  the  stems  are  greatly  benefitted 
by  a  covering  of  straw  or  matting.  The  rods  that 
support  standards  should  be  put  on  the  south  side 
of  the  plant;  the  strong  sun  is  thereby  warded  off 
the  stem,  which  is  beneficial,  both  in  summer  and 
winter.  What  we  have  said  in  regard  to  the  rich 
culture  required  for  Remontante  roses  is  equally 
applicable  to  the  Perpetual. 

Among  the  many,  we  have  selected  those  that  are 
most  distinct,  and  such  as  have  the  greatest  tenden- 
cy to  give  a  succession  of  bloom.  Antinous,  whose 
deep  purple-crimson  flowers  remind  us  of  some  of 
our  old  Gallica  roses ;  it  is  quite  double,  perfect, 
and  fragrant.  Bernard^  or  Perpetual  Pompone,  is 
a  lovely  pink  rose,  of  exquisite  form,  all  the  petals 
being  like  so  many  beautiful  shells  neatly  put  toge- 
gether ;  it  is  very  similar  to  Josephine  Antoinette, 
14* 


162       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 


but  they  are  distinct.  Billiard  is  larger  than  the 
former,  and  more  of  the  rose  colour,  perfectly  dou- 
ble, fragrant,  and  a  profuse  bloomer.  Claire  du 
Chatelet  is  a  bright  rose-coloured  variety,  with  very 
large  perfect  flowers,  of  very  distinct  habit,  and  a 
free  grower.  D'^ Angers,  though  an  old  variety, 
still  retains  its  character  of  a  constant  bloomer,  with 
large  flowers  of  a  pale  rose  colour.  Desdemona, 
for  its  delicate  colour  and  exquisite  fragrance,  is 
worthy  of  culture,  though  its  tendency  to  autumnal 
blooming  merely  is  discouraging.  Due  d^Enghien 
proves  very  desirable,  being  distinct  both  in  its  pale 
fleshy  colour,  and  in  its  character  of  growth,  and 
a  free  bloomer.  Du  Roi,  or  Lees  Crimson;  it  is 
about  thirty  years  since  this  famous  rose  was  grown 
from  seed  in  the  gardens  of  one  of  the  royal  palaces 
near  Paris,  remaining  comparatively  obscure,  and 
was  considered  a  rare  article  in  England  in  1831, 
where  I  first  saw  it  growing,  carefully  surrounded 
with  rods  to  keep  its  admirers  at  a  distance.  In 
1832  or  1833, 1  imported  it  as  the  gem  of  the  day, 
and  it  is  still  admitted  to  be  the  king  of  Perpetuals, 
blooming  profusely  and  perfectly  from  June  till 
Christmas ;  the  colour  is  bright  red,  (not  crimson,) 
a  perfectly  formed  flower,  with  all  the  fragrance  of 
the  Damask  Rose ;  and  without  any  extra  pruning, 
never  fails  to  bloom  the  whole  season, — richly  de- 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        163 

serving  a  place  in  every  garden.  Du  Roi  Striee,  or 
Striped  Crimson  Perpetual^  is  of  a  dark  rose  colour, 
with  occasional  faint  stripes  of  blush,  a  full  and 
perfect  flower,  but  not  a  constant  bloomer.  De  Tn- 
anon  is  a  pretty  dwarf,  of  a  rose  colour,  a  profuse 
bloomer ;  when  budded  about  one  foot  high  is  quite 
a  neat  affair.  Ebene  is  the  darkest  of  the  perpe- 
tuals,  of  a  fine  violet  colour,  *'  la  plus  foncee  de 
I'espece" — "the  darkest  of  the  kind."  This  25 
franc  plant  is  not  so  dark,  so  fine,  nor  so  profuse  as 
Prince  Albert y  which  costs  only  50  cenis.  Fehiiner 
has  brilliant  flowers,  perfectly  formed,  quite  dou- 
ble ;  a  strong  growing  variety,  and  will  apparently 
succeed  in  any  soil.  Indigo;  this  name  is  intended 
by  the  grower  {Laffay),  to  convey  the  required  co- 
lour. He  has  sent  out  to  the  rose  world  many  very 
magnificent  sorts,  and  not  a  few  very  indifferent, 
even  worthless  varieties.  This  indigo  affair  has 
half  double  flowers  of  a  dull  slaty  colour,  ha\4ng 
no  attractions  whatever,  though  its  price  is  high. 
Isaure  Lablee  gives  a  beautiful  succession  of  per- 
fectly delicate  pink  flowers,  very  fragrant.  Jeanne 
Hachette,  if  not  the  most  constant,  is  the  largest 
rose  of  the  group.  I  have  measured  it  six  inches 
in  diameter,  very  double,  fragrant,  of  a  pale  rose 
colour,  and  is  a  strong  grower.  Jenny  Audio  does 
well  on  its  own  roots,  making  a  perfect  dwarf,  with 


164      ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

very  large  flowers  of  a  dark  rose  colour ;  but  when 
budded  it  grows  much  stronger.  The  favourite  Jo- 
sephine Antoinette  is  a  free  bloomer,  with  flowers 
of  the  most  perfect  form,  of  a  rosy  pink  colour,  and 
delightfully  fragrant.  Lady  Seymour  is  a  new 
variety,  occasionally  spotted  with  blush,  on  a  bright 
rose  ground;  quite  fragrant,  and  of  perfect  form. 
La  Gradeuse,  or  Volumineuse,  is  very  distinctive  in 
flower  and  growth ;  is  quite  thorny,  and  grows  freely ; 
the  flowers  are  perfectly  double,  of  a  pale  rose 
colour.  La  JWienne,  or  Gloire  des  Perpetuelles,  is  a 
free  bloomer  throughout  the  season,  with  bright  red 
flowers,  of  exquisite  form,  and  very  sweet  scented. 
Queen  of  Perpetuals  deserves  its  name  ;  its  flowers 
open  finely,  of  a  pale  rose  colour,  blooming  freely 
all  the  season,  holding  its  place  with  Du  Roi  in 
every  character.  Lodoiska  Marin  has  been  long 
esteemed  for  its  profusion  of  large  pale  flowers, 
blooming  freely,  quite  double,  and  in  clusters, 
showing  well  in  the  distance.  Louise  Puget,  pale 
rosy  lilac,  an  excellent  grower,  giving  a  profusion 
of  bloom,  very  fragrant,  cup-shaped.  Minerva, 
pale  rose  colour,  very  large  flower,  with  beautiful 
cupped  petals,  quite  sweet  scented.  Mogador  is 
a  very  dark  crimson  variety,  frequently  shaded  with 
purple,  flowers  finely  rounded,  of  cup-form.  Men- 
strualis,  a  very  brilliant  rose-coloured  variety,  with 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        165 


expanded  perfectly  double  flowers,  of  strong  growth, 
and  upright  habit.  Madam  Trudeaux  (Boll),  an 
American  sort  of  a  dark  violet  purple  shade,  large 
imbricated  flowers  produced  in  profusion,  and  giving 
a  fine  autumnal  bloom.  Monstnteuse,  or  Grande 
Belle,  at  first  sight  would  be  taken  for  Jeanne  Ha- 
chette,  but  it  is  darker  in  colour,  and  is  not  so 
large  as  that  variety ;  it  is  also  a  strong  grower, 
and  will  train  into  any  form  as  a  standard.  JVoel 
is  a  very  pale  pink,  approaching  blush,  growing 
freely,  and  is  a  prolific  variety,  large  and  double. 
Palmire,  or  Blush  Perpetual,  is  still  esteemed  as  a 
free  bloomer,  and  the  colour  is  very  desirable  in 
this  class,  which  is  very  deficient  in  light  colours. 
Portland  Blanc,  however,  is  pure  white,  a  rose  of 
large  size,  perfect  in  form,  quite  fragrant,  and  a 
good  grower  ;  it  is  yet  scarce,  but  a  few  seasons 
will  make  it  nearly  as  plentiful  as  any  other  variety. 
Preval  is  of  a  pale  flesh  colour,  cup-shaped,  very 
perfect,  a  profuse  bloomer,  fragrant,  and  highly  es- 
teemed. Prud'homme  has  been  always  a  favourite 
for  its  brilliancy  and  fragrance,  giving  a  succession 
of  flowers  of  perfect  form..  Pulcherie  is  a  dark 
variety,  being  only  a  shade  lighter  than  Jintinous, 
and  more  perfect  than  that  variety ;  the  wood  is 
very  spiny,  and  when  not  in  bloom  would  be  taken 
for  Ferox,  ?L  very  distinct  variety,  with  large  flowers, 


166       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

of  a  light  pink  colour.  I  may  also  mention  Panache 
de  Girardon,  not  for  its  beautifully  striped  character, 
but  to  speak  of  its  self-coloured  imperfect  rosy-red 
flowers,  called  Striped  Perpetual.  I  have  grown  it 
five  years,  and  only  once  saw  it  have  any  preten- 
sions to  that  distinction,  and  then  it  was  more  like 
a  flower  that  had  been  exposed  to  a  few  drops  of 
rain,  than  one  naturally  variegated ;  no  good  Striped 
Perpetual  Rose  has  yet  appeared.  Quatre  Saisons, 
or  Monthly  Damask,  has  been  long  an  inhabitant 
of  our  gardens,  where,  when  well  established,  and 
well  nourished,  it  gives  a  great  profusion  of  its  de- 
licate pink  flowers,  in  clusters,  the  whole  season. 
Its  fragrance,  also,  is  so  agreeable,  that  it  makes  it 
a  great  favourite  with  all.  The  Quatre  Saisons 
Blanc,  or  WJiite  Monthly  Damask,  is  not  so  con- 
stant a  bloomer  as  the  former,  rarely  putting  forth  a 
succession  of  flowers,  unless  in  very  rich  light  soil. 
The  Perpetual  White  Moss  has  already  been  no- 
ticed, but  we  may  here  say  that  it  is  a  "  Sport," 
as  florists  term  it,  from  the  White  or  Pink  Monthly 
Damask ;  plants  of  it  having  been  known  to  assume 
the  habit  of  those  varieties.  Requien  is  a  very 
distinct  rose,  the  flowers  expanding  large  and  flat, 
very  double,  of  a  pale  flesh  colour,  with  very  strong 
foliage  and  habit.  Scotch  Perpetual  does  not 
bloom  so  constantly  as  we  might  expect  from  the 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.       167 

name  ;  yet  it  gives  occasional  clusters  of  flowers  of 
nearly  a  white  colour,  during  the  summer  months ; 
its  foliage,  too,  is  very  distinct  from  any  of  those 
named ;  it  has  more  of  the  brier  character,  and  is 
very  similar  in  growth  to  the  old  Scotch  Rose. 
Stanwell  is  an  English  variety;  a  true  Perpetual, 
blooming  profusely  and  constantly  the  whole  sum- 
mer, till  late  in  the  season.  Its  habit  is  also  like  a 
Scotch  Rose,  with  large  double  pale  blush  flowers 
of  exquisite  fragrance.  Triomphe  de  Montmorency 
is  a  beautiful  pink  cupped  flower,  quite  double,  very 
fragrant,  and  an  excellent  variety. 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  family,  like  the  Bour- 
bons and  Remontantes,  is  very  destitute  of  white 
flow^ers ;  nor  is  there  a  genuine  striped  variety  among 
either,  so  that  the  hybridizer  and  amateur  have  yet 
a  large  and  new  field  open  to  their  operations.  We 
would  suggest  that  Du  Roi  and  the  White  Monthly 
Damask  be  fertilized  ;  the  former  seeds  abundantly, 
and  with  the  culture  we  have  recommended,  the 
seedlings  will  bloom  in  three  years.  Some  have 
advanced  that  the  finest  roses  from  seed  are  always 
the  longest  in  flowering;  when  there  is  any  tardiness 
observed,  a  few  buds  can  be  put  into  stocks,  which 
will  hasten  their  inflorescence. 


168       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 


ROSA    MICROPHYLLA, 


OR  SMALL  LEAVED  ROSE. 


There  is  nothing  in  the  whole  family  that  we 
have  been  engaged  upon,  so  distinctive  in  flower 
and  character  as  this  group.  The  plants  of  the  true 
Microphylla  Rose  are  very  beautiful ;  when  in  foli- 
age, their  small  pinnated  leaves  are  so  unlike  any 
other  plant  (except  perhaps  a  Locust  tree  in  minia- 
ture) that  they  are  both  interesting  and  agreeable. 
It  has  been  known  twenty  years  in  Europe,  having 
been  brought  from  China,  and  supposed  by  some  to 
have  originated  in  that  country  from  the  old  Ma- 
cartney Rose.  I  consider  it,  however,  a  distinct 
species,  in  every  particular,  and  this  can  be  proved 
by  any  of  my  readers  who  may  be  fortunate  enough 
to  save  seed  from  it.  The  produce  (if  not  inter- 
mixed with  others)  will  be  pure  Microphylla  roses, 
retaining  the  character  of  foliage,  spiny  calyx,  with 
single,  half  double,  and  perfectly  double  flowers, 
nearly  all  of  a  dark  rose  colour.  The  first  of  this 
rose,  as  we  believe,  was  imported  by  us  in  1830, 
and  it  is  now  extensively  cultivated  in  every  sec- 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        169 


tion  of  the  country.  Recent  importations,  denomi- 
nated Micmphylla,  can  barely  be  recognized  as  such. 
The  popularity  of  the  old  variety  has  given  circula- 
tion to  many  of  the  inferior  new  ones,  which,  after 
having  been  seen  in  bloom,  are  frequently  thrown 
aside  as  worthless.  They  are  generally  hardy,  in 
dry  soils  giving  a  succession  of  flowers  throughout 
the  season.  They  are  adapted  for  training  against 
fences,  or  low  out-buildings,  or  they  may  be  formed 
into  handsome  bushes  of  any  shape ;  but  a  hedge 
of  them  is  the  beau  ideal  of  the  flower  garden,  which 
all  may  enjoy  in  any  latitude  south  of  this.  The 
following  sorts  are  worthy  of  all  requisite  culture, 
and  will  grow  jfreely  in  any  rich  soil,  avoiding  low 
wet  situations.  Carnea,  or  Rosea,  is  the  old  variety 
known  as  the  Microphylla  Rose;  its  character  is 
unique,  with  small  neat  dark  green  foliage.  The 
flowers  are  large  and  very  double,  of  a  rose  colour, 
produced  at  the  extremity  of  the  young  shoots,  in 
twos  or  threes,  according  to  the  strength  of  the 
plant ;  the  calyx  (the  green  cup  round  the  base  of 
the  flower)  is  thick  and  prickly ;  hence  it  is  called 
the  "Burr  Rose."  Coccinea,  and  the  beautiful  dark 
variety  Rubra,  are  in  every  particular  the  same, 
except  the  latter  being  darker  in  colour.  Rubra 
Variegata  does  not  merit  the  variegated  distinction ; 
the  circumference  of  the  flower  is  merely  shaded. 
15 


170       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 


These  all  have  the  peculiar  prickly  flower  bud. 
Purjmrea  is  of  a  purple-crimson  colour,  very  large, 
with  the  growth  and  habit  of  all  the  former,  except 
the  calyx  being  destitute  of  the  prickles  so  charac- 
teristic in  the  others.  Violacea  has  also  a  smooth 
calyx ;  the  flowers  of  a  violet-purple  colour,  quite 
double.  The  plant  is  of  upright  growth,  and  quite 
luxuriant.  The  following  varieties  are  all  hybrid- 
ized with  other  sorts,  and  do  not  form  handsome 
plants  for  bushes  or  standards,  but  are  well  adapted 
for  training  to  poles,  columns,  or  trellising.  Mlba 
Odorata,  or  the  Double  White  Microphylla,  grows 
very  luxuriantly,  frequently  making  shoots  eight  or 
ten  feet  long  in  one  season ;  and.  in  warm  soils, 
where  the  season  extends  from^March  to  December, 
they  will  no  doubt  grow  twenty  feet.  The  flowers 
are  very  large  and  double,  of  a  yellowish- white, 
very  fragrant,  and  look  beautiful  among  the  dark 
green  foliage.  Hyhrida  is  also  a  strong  grower, 
with  double  flowers  of  a  rosy  purple  colour.  Luxem- 
bourg appears  to  be  a  hybrid  from  some  of  the 
Noisettes,  of  whose  character  it  greatly  partakes ; 
the  flowers  are  in  clusters  of  a  dull  purple,  very 
double,  and  a  little  fragrant.  Maria  Leonide  has 
much  of  the  Macartney  Rose  habit ;  the  foliage 
nearly  round,  quite  dark  green  and  shining,  with  a 
tinge  of  red  on  the  young  wood ;  the  flowers  are 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        171 


sweet  scented,  of  a  creamy- white  colour,  with  a 
delicate  blush  centre.  There  are  several  others 
classed  among  these,  which,  as  far  as  known  to  us, 
are  either  entirely  worthless,  or  are  so  like  those 
described,  that  it  is  questioned  whether  they  are  not 
the  same ;  this  is  not  surprising,  for  we  have  grown 
many  of  them  from  seeds,  and  all  were  either  en- 
tirely single,  or  so  much  like  the  parent,  that  they 
could  not  be  distinguished  from  it ;  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Rubra  and  Purpurea,  which  have  originated 
with  us.  A  pure  white,  bright  scarlet,  yellow,  or 
striped  variety,  would  be  a  great  acquisition.  We 
would  therefore  urge  upon  cultivators  and  amateurs 
the  propriety  of  sowing  every  seed,  never  despair- 
ing of  the  results  till  the  object  is  accomplished. 
Lovers  of  the  rose  in  the  more  northern  states  will 
find  this  family  entirely  too  tender  for  out-door  cul- 
ture, unless  surrounded  with  a  quantity  of  dry  leaves. 
They  will  not  prosper  if  lifted  every  year  from  the 
ground  and  put  away,  as  directed  for  Tea  and  Ben- 
gal Roses;  but  where  a  green-house,  or  even  dry 
cellarage,  is  accessible,  they  will  grow  magnificently 
in  large  pots  and  tubs,  making  a  superb  ornamental 
plant  for  placing  in  summer  in  any  conspicuous 
situation. 


172       ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 


ROSA     MOSCHATA. 


THE  MUSK  SCENTED  ROSE. 


The  Musk  Cluster  rose  is  an  old  inhabitant  of  our 
gardens.  Botanists  consider  it  a  distinct  species, 
and  have  named  it  from  the  peculiar  and  agreeable 
odour  it  exhales  in  the  evening,  and  in  the  cool 
autumnal  months,  which  is  the  season  that  it  flowers 
most  abundantly,  in  large  clusters,  of  a  yellowish- 
white  colour.  There  are  single,  semi-double  and 
fully  double  varieties  of  it ;  the  latter  is  the  variety 
generally  cultivated.  It  is  a  native  of  India,  from 
whence  it  was  introduced.  From  the  seed  of  this 
plant  the  grand  family  of  the  Noisettes  originated. 
Though  it  is  more  delicate  than  the  generality  of 
those  plants,  yet  the  same  system  of  treatment  re- 
commended for  them  may  be  adopted  with  the  Musk 
Clusters.  We  have  had  several  roses  introduced  to 
our  notice,  under  the  head  of  Musk  Scented,  but 
they  have  nearly  all  proved  worthless — mere  "  cum- 
berers  of  the  ground."  However,  a  few  deserve 
a  passing  remark  before  we  close  our  descriptions  of 
the  rose.     Herbemont^s  Musk  Cluster,  pure  white, 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.        173 

very  large,  fully  double,  blooming  the  whole  season 
in  large  clusters  and  in  great  profusion,  one  of  the 
very  best  of  the  group.  Pink  Musk  Cluster  has 
flowers  of  a  pale  pink  colour,  quite  double,  though 
the  petals  are  rather  loose ;  the  plant  grows  very 
strong,  and  partakes  greatly  of  the  Noisettes.  Prin- 
cesse  de  JVassau  is  a  pure  Musk  Rose,  of  a  yellowish- 
white  colour,  very  double,  though  not  so  profuse  as 
some  others.  Ranunculus  Musk  Cluster  is  a  pure 
white,  perfectly  double ;  so  very  much  so,  that  it 
does  not  open  well  in  moist  weather;  the  musky 
odour  is  not  so  strong  in  this  as  in  the  old  variety. 
They  do  well  to  be  trained  to  pillars,  fences,  or  trel- 
lises. In  the  eastern  states  they  must  be  well  pro- 
tected in  the  winter  season,  covering  their  roots  with 
a  quantity  of  dry  leaves.  They  delight  in  dry  situa- 
tions and  rich  soil.  There  is  great  room  for  im- 
provement in  this  group,  and  we  call  the  attention 
of  cultivators  and  amateurs  to  it,  that  they  may  yet 
bring  to  view  flowers  of  more  perfect  character  and 
of  more  brilliant  colours  than  any  of  the  preceding, 
and  even  possessing,  in  a  greater  degree,  the  odour 
which  appertains  to  the  original  species.  It  is  true 
we  have  the  Pink  Musk  Cluster,  Red  Musk  Cluster, 
Frazerii,  and  some  others,  but  as  we  have  already 
said,  they  are  worthless. 

15* 


174       CULTIVATION  OF  ROSES  IN  POTS. 


CULTIVATION     OF     ROSES     IN     POTS. 

FOR  THE  GREETf-HOUSE  OR  ROOMS. 

A  SELECTION,  for  this  purpose,  should  be  made 
from  the  Tea,  Bengal,  and  Bourbon  families,  all  on 
their  own  roots,  or  budded  very  low.  Presuming 
that  these  roses  are  already  in  pots,  or  to  be  pro- 
cured from  the  nurserymen  in  the  small*  pot  they 
are  generally  grown  in  for  sale,  they  should  at  once 
be  placed  into  those  of  six  inches  in  diameter,  care- 
fully and  freely  watered,  during  July  and  August, 
cutting  off  all  the  flower  buds  they  show  in  the 
latter  month.  About  the  middle  of  September, 
shorten  the  overgrown  shoots,  and  thin  out  the  slen- 
der ones,  turn  the  plants  out  of  the  pots,  depriving 
them  of  some  of  the  soil,  and  repot  in  those  of  seven 
inches  diameter,  using  a  compost  of  sand,  turfy 
loam,  and  manure  in  equal  proportions;  they  will 
also  grow  admirably  in  the  black  soil,  from  the  woods, 
composed  principally  of  decayed  leaves  ;  put  several 

*  The  plants  for  winter  blooming  should  be  ordered  from  the 
venders  of  an  extra  size ;  the  very  small  plants  sold  at  low  prices 
would  defeat  the  object. 


CULTIVATION  OF  ROSES  IN  POTS.  175 

pieces  of  broken  crockery  in  the  bottom  of  the  pot, 
then  a  portion  of  soil ;  place  the  plant  so  that  its  sur- 
face roots  should  be  under  the  rim  of  the  pot,  and 
then  fill  all  round  with  the  soil ;  put  them  in  a  situa- 
tion partially  shaded, — water  sparingly,  till  they  be- 
gin to  grow — then  expose  them  fully  to  the  sun  and 
water  freely  every  day.  There  they  may  remain  till 
the  middle  or  end  of  October,  and  in  the  South  till 
November,  when  they  should  be  removed  to  the 
green-house  or  rooms,  for  flowering.  Previous  to 
their  removal,  the  pots  should  be  washed,  and  the 
plants  neatly  tied  up.  Thus  treated  they  will  ma- 
ture all  the  buds  they  will  then  show,  and  produce 
a  profusion  of  flowers  again  in  January  and  February. 
Where  there  is  the  convenience  of  charcoal,  it  will 
be  found  of  prime  utility  in  rose  pot-culture,  broken 
to  the  size  of  nuts  and  about  one-fifth  mixed  with 
the  soil;  the  roots  will  delight  to  ramble  through  it, 
and  the  foliage  will  be  of  a  richer  and  darker  green  ; 
the  surface  of  the  soil  must  have  frequent  stirrings. 
The  plants  must  be  carefully  examined,  and  when- 
ever infested  by  the  aphis,  or  green-fly,  they  should 
be  destroyed,  if  in  the  green-house,  by  tobacco 
smoke.  But,  if  in  rooms,  that  method  cannot  be 
well  adopted,  for  the  odour  would  penetrate  into 
every  part  of  the  dwelling.  They  should  in  that 
case  be  brushed  off*  into  a  pail  of  water;  or  the  safest 


176  CULTIVATION  OF  ROSES  IN  POTS. 

plan  will  be  to  make  a  strong  tea  of  tobacco,  fill  a 
pail  with  it,  and  while  in  a  tepid  state  invert  the  plant 
therein,  holding  the  hand  or  a  cloth  over  the  surface 
of  the  pot  to  prevent  the  earth  from  tumbling  out. 
Roses  in  pots  are  wonderfully  benefited  by  a  watering 
of  manure  water  about  once  in  two  weeks.  This 
water  is  very  easily  prepared  either  in  town  or  coun- 
try. The  droppings  from  the  horse  or  cow  stable 
put  into  a  large  tub  or  barrel,  with  water  kept  over 
it  for  a  week  or  two,  occasionally  stirred  up ;  the 
water  then  poured  or  drawn  off  for  use  about  the 
colour  of  good  tea ;  or  one  quart  of  Poudrette,  put 
into  three  gallons  of  water — stir  it  a  few  times, — in 
two  days  it  will  be  fit  for  use.  A  new  species  of 
manure  from  the  Islands  of  the  Pacific,  called  Guano, 
the  deposit  of  sea-fowls  that  has  accumulated  for 
centuries,  is  very  valuable  for  making  liquid  manure. 
A  quarter  of  a  pound,  in  three  gallons  of  water,  fre- 
quently stirred  before  using,  will  be  found  very 
nourishing;  indeed  one  pound  to  sixteen  gallons, 
will  be  strong  enough  to  use  by  the  inexperienced, 
for  if  used  much  stronger  than  I  have  stated,  it  would 
injure  plants  in  pot  culture.  When  required  for  the 
open  ground,  any  of  these  liquids  may  be  made 
stronger,  or  used  more  frequently. 


INSECTS  INJURIOUS  TO  THE  ROSE.  177 


INSECTS    INJURIOUS    TO    THE    ROSE. 

There  are  several  very  destructive,  and  in  some 
seasons  their  depredations  almost  overpower  the 
operator.  In  the  eastern  states,  the  Slug  nearly  de- 
stroys every  leaf.  A  remedy  against  its  ravages, 
brought  into  notice  by  Mr.  Haggerston,  late  gardener 
to  J.  P.  Gushing,  Esq.,  is  to  take  two  pounds  of  whale 
oil  soap,  dissolved  in  fifteen  gallons  of  water,  and  to 
syringe  the  plants  therewith  in  the  evenings  till  the 
insects  are  destroyed.  The  plants  must  also  be 
syringed  with  clean  water  in  the  mornings,  or  the 
cure  would  be  almost  as  destructive  and  offensive 
as  the  disease.  After  the  plants  are  clean,  stir  up 
the  soil  to  refresh  it  from  the  effects  of  the  waterings. 
Green-fly  is  easily  destroyed  by  tobacco  water,  ap- 
plied with  the  syringe  in  the  evening,  and  again  with 
pure  water  in  the  morning.  This  insect  is  most 
troublesome  in  city  gardens,  where  the  birds  cannot 
feed  upon  it.  The  Rose  Bug  is  another  very  destruc- 
tive enemy,  which  can  only  be  kept  under  by  hand- 
picking  ;  they  are  found  upon  the  flowers  as  soon  as 
open.  There  is  also  the  worm  that  destroys  the  bud 
before  it  opens.     We  seldom  observe  this  in  the 


178  MILDEW  ON  THE  ROSE. 

country,  but  in  some  seasons  it  abounds  in  the  city 
or  town  gardens,  and  must  be  extirpated  by  the 
hand. 

There  is  yet  another ;  a  fly  in  the  early  part  of 
June,  deposits  its  egg  near  the  surface  of  the  ground, 
into  a  strong  young  shoot,  and  is  not  discovered  till 
July  or  August,  when  we  see  its  effects  from  the 
dropping  of  the  top  of  the  young  shoot.  As  soon 
as  this  is  noticed,  cut  off  about  twelve  inches  of  it, 
and  the  little  grub  will  be  found  in  its  centre,  which 
if  allowed  to  remain  will  come  out  under  a  leaf,  near 
the  top,  drop  into  the  ground  and  live  again  to  re- 
new its  depredations  the  following  season. 


MILDEW   ON   THE   ROSE. 

Under  artificial  culture,  this  disease  is  frequently 
observed ;  or,  as  some  writers  term  it,  the  effects  of 
the  disease,  very  few  agree  as  to  its  origin  or  cha- 
racter. From  our  observation  it  appears  to  be  most 
common  where  extremes  of  temperature  prevail ; 
even  in  the  open  air  this  is  plainly  seen ;  in  July  or 
August,  we  occasionally  have  a  few  cold  nights, 
succeeded  by  rain  and  warm  weather,  and  as  cer- 
tainly as  that  kind  of  weather  occurs,  as  certainly 


PROPAGATION  OF  ROSES.  179 

does  the  mildew  follow.  It  is  rarely  seen  in  our 
collection  of  roses,  few  of  which  are  kept  in  high 
temperatures,  and  when  it  appears,  a  few  syringings 
of  sulphur  water  are  applied,  which  destroys  it.  We 
prepare  sulphur  water,  by  placing  in  a  small  barrel 
a  piece  of  unslaked  lime,  about  the  size  of  a  double 
fist,  with  five  or  six  pounds  of  flowers  of  sulphur,  on 
which  we  pour  a  few  gallons  of  boiling  water,  cover- 
ing it  up  for  an  hour,  when  we  stir  it,  till  the  whole 
of  the  sulphur  has  fallen  to  the  bottom.  After  set- 
tling, we  pour  off  the  water  for  use,  putting  about  a 
quart  of  it  to  the  gallon  for  syringing.  A  recent 
writer  says,  he  uses  one  ounce  of  nitre  to  one  gallon 
of  water,  with  which  he  syringes  the  plants  once  in 
ten  days,  and  finds  it  an  effectual  cure. 


PROPAGATION   OF   ROSES 

THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON. 

These  may  be  propagated  by  budding,  grafting, 
or  layering,  as  directed  for  roses  that  bloom  in  June ; 
.as  we  have  before  said,  the  latter  method  is  prefer- 
able, and  makes  very  permanent  plants.  They  are 
also  extensively  propagated  by  cuttings,  which  is 


180  PROPAGATION  OF  ROSES 

the  plan  that  now  calls  for  our  special  notice. 
There  are  two  periods  of  the  season,  June  and  Sep- 
tember, in  which  this  mode  can  be  adopted  exten- 
sively and  successfully,  with  the  families  of  Bengal, 
Tea,  Noisette,  Bourbon,  and  Remontantes,  Roses ; 
(Perpetual  succeed  best  by  budding.)  In  May  or 
June,  as  soon  as  the  young  shoots  have  shed  their 
first  flowers,  they  will  be  in  a  proper  state  for  use. 
The  cuttings  may  be  made  from  two  to  four  inches 
long,  having  at  least  three  joints  or  buds,  from  the 
lower  end  of  which  cut  off  the  leaf  and  smooth  the 
bottom  end,  with  a  sharp  knife,  directly  under  an 
eye,  leaving  the  other  leaves  untouched ;  the  cut- 
tings may  then  be  inserted  about  one  and  a  half  or 
two  inches  into  very  sandy  soil,  either  in  pots  or 
in  the  ground ;  if  in  a  frame,  so  much  the  better. 
Shade  them  from  the  sun  during  the  day,  and  give 
them  gentle  sprinklings  of  water.  They  must  also 
be  protected  from  heavy  drying  winds,  and  fully 
exposed  to  the  dews  of  the  night,  which  are  very 
genial  to  them.  In  about  three  or  four  weeks  they 
will  be  rooted,  and  may  either  remain  where  plant- 
ed till  autumn,  or  be  at  once  transplanted  into  pots, 
and  placed  in  the  shade  till  they  have  taken  fresh 
root.  These  cuttings  will  make  fine  plants  for  the 
next  season,  and  by  extra  culture  may  be  made 
fine  plants  for  blooming  in  the  green-house  during 
winter.      Cuttings    taken    off  in    September,  and 


THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.  181 

planted  in  a  very  shaded  situation,  will  be  well 
rooted  in  the  following  spring,  and  may  then  be 
transplanted  into  any  part  of  the  garden.  The  lat- 
ter period  will  be  the  best  for  all  the  southern  states, 
and  the  former  for  the  eastern  states.  Indeed, 
cuttings  can  be  taken  off  and  may  be  propagated 
successfully,  at  any  period  of  the  season,  when  the 
plant  has  just  ceased  to  bloom,  which  is  the  grand 
criterion  for  propagating  the  rose.  In  some  soils, 
of  a  close  sandy  nature,  all  that  is  required  is  merely 
to  put  in  a  small  piece  of  a  shoot,  in  moist  cloudy 
weather,  where  it  is  shaded  from  the  direct  rays  of 
the  sun,  and  it  will  root  in  a  few  weeks  without  any 
other  care. 

Where  there  is  the  convenience  of  a  forcing 
house,  or  hotbeds  of  manure,  there  is  another  pe- 
riod of  the  season  when  the  rose  may  be  exten- 
sively propagated,  which  is  practiced  to  a  very 
great  extent  by  nurserymen  who  commence  forcing 
roses  in  February.  As  soon  as  they  show  bloom 
the  shoots  are  cut  into  cuttings  of  two  eyes  each, 
and  planted  into  very  small  pots,  of  very  sandy  soil ; 
these  are  placed  into  a  close  warm  hothouse,  or  hot- 
bed, in  a  moist  temperature  of  70°  to  80°,  where 
they  will  root  in  from  two  to  three  weeks,  and  are 
frequently  sold  within  six  weeks  from  the  time 
they  were  planted.  The  very  scientific  have  re- 
16 


182  PROPAGATION  OF  ROSES 

sorted  to  another  mode  of  multiplying,  which,  with 
many  sorts,  make  strong  plants  in  a  very  short 
time.  They  take  the  roots  of  common  roses,  that 
are  about  the  size  of  a  small  quill,  and  cut  them 
into  lengths  of  two  or  three  inches,  whereon  they 
graft  a  single  eye  from  the  young  wood,  (by  the  me- 
thod of  whip  grafting,)  plant  them  into  pots,  W'hich 
they  place  into  a  close  hotbed  or  house,  as  above 
stated,  where  they  grow  instantly,  frequently  mak- 
ing a  fresh  growth  within  two  weeks  from  the  time 
of  planting.  Single  eyes  are  also  planted  up  to  the 
base  of  the  leaf,  partially  covering  the  eye,  in  pots 
of  fine  sand,  subjecting  them  to  the  same  hotbed 
treatment ;  these  also  root  freely,  but  take  some 
time  before  they  make  strong  plants.  When  these 
tender  cuttings  are  made  they  must  be  carefully 
shaded  from  the  sun,  and  must  be  sprinkled  with 
tepid  water  every  evening.  When  they  have  made 
a  fresh  growth  they  should  be  removed  to  ano- 
ther frame  or  house,  with  gentle  heat,  and  have 
air  every  day  to  harden  them  ;  in  a  week  or  two 
they  will  be  fit  for  larger  pots,  to  grow  therein  all 
the  summer,  or  planted  into  the  open  ground  in 
May. 

Amidst  the  lovely  creation  of  the  floral  w^orld, 
none  combines  so  many  attractions  as  the  Rose,  and 
we  hope  that  our  simple  remarks  on  its  propaga- 
tion will  enable  all,  who  desire  it,  to  increase  any 


THAT. BLOOM  THE  WHOLE  SEASON.  183 

part  of  the  family  they  happen  to  possess.  If  tried 
once,  and  successfully,  the  experiment  will,  no 
doubt,  be  renewed,  and  an  innocent  pride  indulg- 
ed in  increasing  the  power  gf  ministering  to  one's 
own  taste,  or  of  gratifying  that  of  a  friend.  Many 
suffer  a  latent  predilection  for  these  fascinating  pur- 
suits to  die  away,  from  the  idea  of  not  possessing 
the  skill  requisite  for  cultivating  plants ;  others 
think  of  the  expense  they  would  be  led  into  on  an 
unwarrantable  indulgence.  If  the  more  fortunate 
or  more  skillful  amateur  knows  of  such  person,  he 
will  greatly  promote  both  their  mental  and  bodily 
welfare,  by  presenting  them  w^ith  a  few  plants  of 
the  easiest  culture,  to  prove,  to  them  how  easy  it  is, 
not  only  to  nurture,  but  to  multiply  their  sources  of 
pleasure,  as  healthful  as  it  is  innocent.  If  any  of 
our  readers  have  a  spark  of  this  taste  within  them, 
we  say  cherish  it  as  you  w^ould  cherish  a  friend. 
To  the  ladies  especially,  a  love  of  floriculture  brings 
with  it,  in  every  period  of  life,  a  train  of  pure  en- 
joyments. Whilst  the  city  belle  blushes  her  delight 
at  the  sight  of  the  magnificent  bouquet  destined  to 
grace  her  fair  hand  in  the  haunts  of  pleasure — the 
face  of  the  country  maiden  glows  with  still  purer 
satisfaction  as  she  presents  to  a  parent  the  rose 
which  her  own  care  has  brought  to  perfection.  And 
the  mother ! — how  many  lessons  of  wisdom  can  she 
impart  to   her  children  whilst  instilling  into  their 


184  PROPAGATION  OF  ROSES. 

young  minds  the  love  of  this  healthful  pursuit,  and 
teaching  them  to  look  up  from  the  wonders  spread 
around  them,  to  Him  who  gave  the  rose  its  hue. 
To  the  time-stricken  matron  also,  even  after  age 
has  deprived  her  of  the  active  enjoyments  of  this 
taste,  many  pleasures  still  remain;  under  the  shade 
of  some  far  spreading  tree  she  can,  from  her  rustic 
seat,  enjoy  the  sight  of  well  planned  arrangements, 
executed  under  her  own  superintendence,  or  sur- 
rounded by  some  favourite  plants,  inhale  the  fra- 
grance which  comes  to  her  blended  with  sweet  re- 
collections of  the  pleasing  toils  which  ensured  their 
present  luxuriance.  But  it  is  to  those  who  have 
known  sorrow  and  affliction  (and  who  has  not?)  that 
the  love  of  flowers  and  gardening  comes  like  a  boon 
from  heaven,  to  shed  its  soothing  influence  upon 
the  heart.  In  showering  upon  this  earth  such  pro- 
fusion of  blossoms  of  every  odour,  God  has  permit- 
ted us  to  bask,  as  it  were,  in  his  visible  smiles,  and 
every  Christian  will  love  him  better  for  loving  the 
glowing  proof  of  that  goodness  which  disdains  not 
to  minister  to  every  innocent  pleasure  of  his  creature 
man.  We  feel  w^e  have  perhaps  digressed  too  far, 
but  every  lover  of  horticulture  will  understand  how 
we  have  been  led  away ;  and  to  others  we  can  only 
repeat,  "  Try  to  love  flowers  —  learn  to  cultivate 
them ; — it  will  make  you  happier,  it  will  make  you 
better." 

Libmry 


INDEX 


Abbe  Meillon,  93. 

Acidalie,  143. 

Adelaide  d'Orleans,  16, 

Admiral  de  Rigney,  '96. 

Adam,  112. 

A  Fleurs  Blanches,  66. 

Africaine,  51. 

Aglae  Loth,  126. 

Agrippina,  128,  129.  « 

Aimee  Vibert,  93. 

Alba,  21,  93,  139. 

Odorata,  170. 

•  Alice  Leroi,  47. 

Alcine,  126. 

Alzande,  93. 

Amadis,  14. 

Amourette,  143. 

Amourin,  51. 

Amenaide,  143. 

Andre  Thouiti,  57. 

Angelique  Quetier,  45, 

Angle,  35. 

Anteros,  112, 

Antherose,  112. 

Autinous,  161. 

Anne  Beluze,  143, 

Archduchesse    Theresa    Isal:)el, 
J 13. 
«  Archduke  Charles,  126. 

Arethusa,  57, 

Arkinto,  113. 

Armosa,  146. 

Arance  de  Navaro,  126. 

Aricie,  154. 

16* 


Arsione,  127. 
Arsenie,  127. 
Assuerus,  127. 
Asteroide,  143. 
Astrolabe,  26. 
Aubernon,  154. 
Augustine  Mouchelet,  155. 

Hersent,  131. 

Lelieur,  143. 


Aurora,  51,  94,  117. 
Austrian,  36. 

Baltimore  Belle,  28. 
Banksiana  Alba,  19. 
Lutea,  19. 


Barbot,  109,  113. 
Baron  de  Stael,  51. 
Baronne  Prevost,  154, 
Beauty  Bouquet,  66. 
of  Prairies,  29. 


Beau  Carmin,  127. 
Beauharnais,  133. 
Becquet,  06. 
Belladonna,  64. 
Belle  Africaine,  51. 

Amabile,  52. 

(VE-squermes,  94, 

Clarissima,  127. 

de  Florence,  127. 

de  Monza,  127. 

Isidore,  127. 

.  Marie,  67. 

Marguerite,  113. 

Marseillaise,  94. 


186 


INDEX. 


Belle  Parabere,  66. 

Rvibine,  59. 

■  Ruineuse,  43. 

Theresa,  67. 

Beluze,  143. 

Belgic,  42. 

Bengal  Florida,  14. 

Bengalensis  Scandens,  25. 
•Bengal  Triomphant,  133. 

Berleze,  57. 

Bernard,  161. 

Bicolor,  58. 

Bijou,  139. 

BiUaird,  162, 

Bishop,  52, 

Bisson,  127, 

Bizarine,  143. 

Blairii,  67. 

Black  Tuscany,  55, 

Blanchefleur,  66. 
.  Blush,  Perpetual,  165. 

Blush  Moss,  45. 

Boisnard,  127. 

Bon  Ginneure,  67, 

Bon  Silene,  113. 

Bouquet  de  Flore,  143. 

de  Lisle,  58-, 

Boule  de  Neige,  62. 

Boulogne,  94. 
-Bougfere,  113. 

Bourbon,  140. 

Moss,  48, 

Boutrand,  114. 

Bremms,  67. 

Buffon,  52. 

Burr  Rose,  169. 

.  Cabbage,  42. 
Caprice  des  Dames,  139, 
Camellia  Rouge,  94. 
Camelliaflora,  128. 
Cameleon,  128. 
Camaieu,  58. 
Cardinal  Fesch,  143. 
Carmin  Brilliant,  52. 
Carmine  Cluster,  100. 
Carmin  d'Yebles,  128. 
Carnea  or  Rosea,  169. 


Carassana,  100, 

Caroline,  114. 

Catel,  67. 

Celestial,  34. 

Celicel,  67. 

Celimene,  144. 

Cels,  128. 

Ceres,  144. 

Ccrisite,  68. 

Cesonie,  68. 

Champion,  52. 

Champneyana,  95. 

Champney's  Pink  Cluster,  95, 

Charles  Reybaud,  114. 

the  Tenth,  94. 

Souchet,  144. 

Chatelaine,  67. 
Chardon  Bleu,  52. 
Chilicothe  multiflora,  30, 
Chloris,  95. 
Chromatelle,  95. 
Clara  Wendel,  95. 

» Syh^in,  114. 

Claire  du  Chatelet,  162. 

Claudia,  114. 

Clementine  Duval,  155 

Clifton  Moss,  48, 

►Cloth  of  Gold,  95. 

Coccinea,  169. 

Ccelestis,  100. 

Colonel  Fabvier,  69. 

Comice  de  Seine  et  Marne,  144. 

Commandant,  158. 

Comte  d'Eu,  155. 

de  Paris,  114,  155. 

de  Rambuteau,  144. 

Comtesse  Duchatel,  155. 

de  Grillon.  95. 

Orloir,  95. 

Mole,  155. 

de  Resseguire,  144, 

Comble  de  Gloire,  128. 
Conque  de  Venus,  95. 
Coquette  de  Meudon,  158 
Cora  L.  Barton,  96. 
Coronation,  52. 
Cosimo  Ridolphi,  58. 
Cottage  Rose.  22. 


INDEX. 


187 


Coup  d'Amoiir,  68. 
Coup  cUHebe,  08. 
•Cramoisi  Superieur,  128. 
Crested  Provins,  43. 

Moss,  43. 

Cricks,  43. 

Crimson  or  Damask  Moss,  45. 

Globe,  144. 

Damask  Moss,  45. 
D"  Angers,  162. 
D'Audigne,  68. 

•  Daily  Rose,  129. 
De  Lisle,  14. 
De  Neuilly,  155. 
De  Trianon,  103. 
Delice  de  Flanders,  08. 
Delphine  Gaudot,  115. 
Desprez  d'Arcole,  97. 
Desgaces,  144. 
Desdemona,  162. 

m  Devoniensis,  115. 
Doctor  Roques,  144.        * 
Docteur  Marx,  155. 

•  Dr.  Marjolin,  155. 
Don  Carlos,  128. 

,  Donna  Maria,  16. 

Sol,  59. 

Double  Red  Sweet  Briar.  34. 

White  Hip,  35. 

• Microphylla,  170. 

Striped  Moss,  47. 

Due  de  Aumale,  155. 

de  AlenQon,  155. 

de  Cases,  68. 

de  Choiseul,  52. 

de  Chartres,  144. 

dEnghein,  102. 

d'Orleans,  115. 

Duchess  of  Kent,  129. 

Duchesse  de  Mecklcnbourg,  115. 

•  d'Orleans,  43. 

de  Sutherland,  155. 

Duchesne,  42. 

•  Du  Luxembourg,  90. 
Dumont  de  Courset,  144. 
Dupetit  Thbuars,  145. 
Du  Roi,  162. 


Du  Roi,  Stride,  163. 
Dutch  Provins,  42. 
D'Yebles,  144. 

Ebene,  163. 
Eclat  des  Roses,  52. 
Edouard  Jesse,  156. 
Egerie,  68. 
Elegans,  14,  26,  30. 
Eliza  Sauvage,  115. 

,  52. 

Leker,  52. 

Elemensie,  52. 

Emlie  Courtier,  145. 

EmeUne,  08. 

Emma  Dampierc.  150. 

Eticnie,  115. 

Etna,  129. 

Eugene  Beauharnais,  133. 

PiroUe,  90. 

Hardy,  129. 

Sue,  158. 


Euphrosine,  96. 

Fabvier,  69,  129. 

Fanny  Bais,  53. 
j  Fanny  Parissot,  53. 
I  Feburier,  163. 
I  Fedora,  145. 
I  Ferrugincuse,  40. 
i  Felicite  Perpetuelle,  10. 
I  I'ellenberg,  90. 
I  Fidouline,  150. 
I  Flavescens,  115. 

Fleur    de   Jeune    Age,  or    La- 
marque  a  Casur  Rose,  97. 

Fleur ette,  09. 

Flon,  110. 

Flora  Perfecta,  72. 

Floralie,  110. 

Fontenelle,  58. 

.French  Yellow  Noisette,  97. 

Fulgens,  08. 

Fulgorie,  150. 

Garland,  24. 

General  Dubourg,  145. 

t Lamarquc,  09. 


188 


INDEX. 


General  Merlin,  156. 

. Soyer,  129. 

Taylor,  Boll,  145. 

George  Cuvier,  145. 

the  Fourth,  69. 

Georgia,  69. 
Gigantea,  129. 
Gigantesque,  116. 
Globe  Hip,  62. 

White,  62. 

Gloire,  139. 

de  France,  148. 

Hardy,  117. 


--  des  Jardines,  53. 
--  de  Paris,  145. 
--  des  Perpetuelles,  164. 
de  Rosamene,  147. 


Goubault,  116. 
Gracilis,  14. 
Grand  Bercam,  44. 
Grande  Belle,  165. 

et  Belle,  134. 

Grand  Triomphe,  64. 
Grandiflora,  110, 
Graulhie,  23. 

•  Grevillia,  21. 
Grillony,  70. 

•  Gros  Charles,  129. 

Hamon,  116. 
Hardy,  117. 
»  Harrisonii,  37. 
Helvetius,  76. 
Hennequin,  146. 
Henri  Lecoq,  151. 
Henry  Clay,  Boll,  145. 
,  Raabe,  145. 


Plantier,  146. 


•  Herbermonts Miisk  Cluster,  172. 

Hercules,  56. 
•Herniosa,  146. 

Hersilie,  58,  145. 

Hibbertia,  129. 

Hippolyte,  117. 

Hogg's  Yellow,  37. 

Hortense  Beauharnats,  53. 

Hortensia,  129. 

Hundred  Leaved  Daily,  131. 


Hybrida,  170. 
Hybride  Blanche,  70. 
Hymenee,  117. 

Icterose,  130. 
Indica,  129. 

alba,  130. 


minor,  139. 

Indigo,  163. 
Imperial,  64. 
Inermis,  14. 
Isabel,  53,  113. 
Isaure  Lablee,  163. 

Jacksonia,  130. 
Jaune  Desprez,  97. 
Panache,  117. 


Jeanne  Hachette,  59,  163. 
d'Arc,  98. 


Jenny  Audio,  163. 
Josephine  Antoinette,  164. 
Josephine  Malton,  117. 
Julia,  ^. 
Julia  Dante,  98. 
Juliana,  53. 

Le  Sourd, 


Julia  de  Loynes,  98. 
Julie  Mansais,  117. 

de  Fontenelle,  146. 

Dupont,  156. 

King  of  Hybrids,  71. 

Rome,  53. 

France,  131. 


La  Belle  Augusta,  62. 
La  Biche,  98. 
Lactans,  98. 
La  Ccemens,  131. 
Lady  Canning,  146. 

Elpbingstone,  155. 

Fordwich,  156. 

Peel,  156. 

Stuart,  70. 

Seymour,  164. 

Warrender,  131. 

L'Etna,  129. 

La  Favourite,  54. 


INDEX. 


189 


La  Folie  de  Corse. 
La  Gracieuse,  164. 
La  Ingenue,  70. 
Lamarque,   99. 

•  a  caeur  Rose,  97, 

of  Luxembourg,  09. 

La  Mienne,  164. 

La  Miniature,  139. 

Landreth's  Carmine,  99.  i 

La  Nationale,  58. 

La  Nayade,  70. 

La  Negresse,  54. 

La  Nymphe,  99. 

Lane,  156. 

Lanzezure,  67. 

•  La  Pactole,  100. 
La  Reine,  156. 
La  Superba,  134. 

eLaSylphide,  117. 
La  Tourterelle,  70. 
Laure  Davoust,  22. 
La  Victorieuse,  105. 
La  Ville  de  Bruxelles,  64. 
Laevigata,  17. 
Lawrenciana,  138, 
L'Abbe  Berleze,  57, 
Le  Brun,  148, 
Leda,  58,  64. 
Lee,  100. 

•  Lee's  Crimson  Perpetual,  162. 
Le  Grenadier,  146. 

Le  Phcenix,  146. 
Le  Similor,  103. 
Leveson  Gower,  151. 
Lillicina,  117. 
Lodoiska  Marin,  164. 
Lord  Nelson,  70. 
Louise  Colet,  46. 

Puget,  164. 

Louis  Bonaparte,  157. 

• Philippe,  70,  131. 

Lutea,  100. 
Luxembourg,  170. 

Moss,  46. 

Lyonnais,  118. 
Madame  Aude,  146. 

Angelina,  147. 

Byrne,  101. 


Madame  Breon,  13i. 

Cottin,  .M. 

Caradori  Allan,  51. 

d'Arblay,  24. 

Dememe,  156. 

1 Desprez,  118,  146. 

Galet,  118. 

Hardy,  62. 

Hersent,  131. 

Jobcy,  158. 

Lacharme,  147. 

Laffay,  157. 

Margat,  150. 

'-  Neumann,  148. 

Nerard,  147. 

Prevost,  157. 

Souchet,  147. 

Tradeaux,  Boll,  105. 


Maheka,  14. 
Maid  of  Orleans,  54. 
Brussels,  54. 


Malvina,  46. 
Malesherbes,  58. 
Malton,  68,  70. 
Mansais,  118. 
Manteau,  70. 
de  Jeanne  d'Arc, 


147. 


Marshal  Bugeaud,  118. 
Marechal  Soult,  157. 

de  Villars,  148. 

Marquise  Bocella,  157. 

Marquise  of  Ailsa,  157. 

Marceau,  58. 

Maria,  101. 

Leonida,  170. 


»Marjolin,  131. 
Master  Burke,  139. 
Matilda,  54. 

Mathilde  de  Mondeville,  64. 
Mauget,  47. 
MeiUez,  132. 
Melanie  Cornu,  157. 
Melsherba,  58. 
Melville,  118. 
Menstruali-s,  164. 
Michigan,  14. 
Minos,  58. 
Minerva,  164. 


190 


INDEX. 


Mirabile,  119. 
Miss  Bell,  132. 

Sergeant,  132. 

Mohileda,  54. 
Mogador,  164. 
Moire.  119. 
Mondor,  119. 
Moninie,  58. 
Monstrosa,  100. 
Monstrueuse,  165. 

•  Monthly  Damask,  64,  160, 
• Cabbage,  148. 

Moss  de  Meaujc,  47. 
• Rose,  44. 

Mottled  Moss,  46. 
0  Mrs.  Bosanquet,  147. 

Elliott,  157. 

#Multiflora,  21. 

.  Cels,  128. 

•  Musk  Cluster,  172. 
Mutabilis,  101. 
Myrianthes,  16. 

•  Microphylla,  168. 

Napoleon,  116. 
Nankin,  101. 
Narbonne,  54. 
Nevia,  30,  93. 

•  New  Yellow  Tea,  100. 

•  Noisette,  91. 
Noel,  165.  " 
Nonpariel,  54. 

•  Ninon  de  I'Enclos,  148. 
Niphetos,  119. 
Nisida,  119. 

Odorata,  119. 

CEillet  Parfait,  59. 

Ophire,  101. 

Ornement  de  Parade,  54. 

Orloff,  102. 

Oscar  Foulard,  46. 

Poeony  Noisette,  1 34. 
Painted  Damask,  64. 
Pallagi,  70. 
Pallida,  29. 
Palm  ire,  165. 


166. 


Panachee  Girardon,  166. 

Pleine,  47,  59. 

Double,  59. 


Parni,  70. 
Pauline  Plantier,  119. 
Paul  Joseph,  148. 
Perpetual  Damask,  160. 

Michigan,  29. 

» Red  Moss,  47. 

■ ^  White  Moss,  48. 

Pompon,  161. 


Pellonia,  120. 
Perles  des  Panachees,  60. 
Persian  Yellow,  37. 
Petit  Annie,  102. 

Pierre,  70. 

Philippe  Quatte,  54. 
Phillipar,  149. 
Philomele,  102. 
Pierre  de  St.  Cyre,  148. 
Pic  tori  vim,  105. 
(Pink  Musk  Cluster,  173. 
Polivetis,  54. 
Pompon,  47,  139. 
Pompone,  102. 

Feu,  46. 


Ponceau  Parfait,  53. 
Ponctuee,  46. 
Portland,  160. 

Blanc,  165. 

Pourpre  de  Vienne,  54. 

Striee  de  Blanc,  59. 

Fafait,  149. 

de  Tyre,  102. 


Preval,  165. 

Pretty  American,  139. 

Prince  Albert,  158. 

de  Chimay,  58. 

Charles,  132. 

Eugene,  132. 

d"Esterhazy,  120. 

of  Wales,  157. 

of  Salm,  149. 

Princess,  71. 

Princesse  Clementine,  62. 

Helen  Modeste,   120. 

Luxembourg, 

120. 


INDEX. 


191 


Princesse  de  Nassau,  173. 

Maria,  IG. 

■  Marie,  120. 

•  de  Salerne,  108. 

Adelaide,  48. 

.  Helene,  157. 

Prolifere,  4G,  53,  71. 
Proserpine,  149. 
Provins  Moss,  47. 
Prudence  Roc-er.  103,  158. 
Prud-hornme,  165. 
Pulclierie,  105. 
Purpurea,  14,  170. 

Quatre  Saisons,  48,  166. 

blanc,  166. 

Queen  of  Bourbons,  149. 

1 Lombardy,  132. 

Prairies,  29. 

Violets,  54. 

France,  132. 

Victoria,  67. 

of  Perpetual?,  164. 

Rachael,  72. 
Ranunculus,  55. 

: Musk  Cluster,  173. 

Red  Moss,  45. 

Sweet  Brier,  35. 

Reine  Caroline,  43. 

des  lies  de  Bourbon,  149. 

des  Beiges,  62. 

de  Lombardie,  132. 

Victoria,  120. 

• de  la  Guillotiere,  158. 

du  Congress,  147. 

des  Verges,  149. 

Reve  du  Bonheur,  120. 
Remontantcs,  153. 
Renoncule  Ponctuee,  59. 
Requien,  166. 
Rivers,  158. 
Roi  des  Cramoisis,  132. 

Beiges,  116. 

Roman,  121. 

Rosa  Alba,  61. 

Mundi,  57. 

Royal  Bouquet,  55. 


Ruga,  25. 
Rubiginosa,  33. 
Ruse  Blanche,  25. 
Russell's  Cottage  Rose,  22. 
Russelliana,  22. 

Sablee,  48. 
Safrano,  120. 
Saint  Francois,  55. 
Sandeur,  71. 
■Sanguinea,  133. 
Sans  Sepales,  48. 
Scarlet  Grevillia,  22. 
Scotch  Perpetual,  166. 

Rose,  39. 

Semperflorens,  133. 
Sempervirens  plena,  16. 
odorata,  17. 


Ruben  Pourpre,  133. 
Rubens,  133. 
Rubifolia,  27. 
Rubra,  169. 

variogata,  169. 


Seven  Sisters,  21. 
Sextus  Propinus,  71. 
,|Sir  Walter  Scott,  103. 
Similor,  103. 
Smithii,  100. 
Solfatare,  103. 
Soliman,  121. 
Sophie  Cottin,  54. 
iSouvenir  de  la  Malmaison,  149. 

. de  Navarino,  55. 

de  Dumont  dUrville, 

149. 
Souchet,  149. 
Sparta,  33. 
Stan  well,  167. 
^trombio,  121. 
Stadthoider,  71. 

I.  sinen.sis,  71. 


Striped  Perpetual,  166. 
Crimson  Perpetual,  163. 


St.  Brennus,  67, 
Susannah,  55. 
Superba,  29,  104. 
j  Sulphurea,  36. 


192 


INDEX. 


Taglioni,  121. 

Tea  Ayrshire,  2G. 

Tea,  109. 

The  Buret,  128. 

The  Chrysantliimeflora,  100. 

The  Madame  Princess  Adelaide, 

122. 
The  k  Fleurs  Jeune,  132. 
The  Pactole,  100. 
Thebe,  121. 
Themistocle,  121. 
Theobaldine,  105. 
Theodore  de  Corse,  53, 
Therese  Margat,  150. 
Theresita,  157. 
Thisbe,  151. 
Tinwell  Moss,  45. 
Tricolor  Superba,  59. 
Triomphe  du  Luxembourg,  121 

de  Bollwiller,  1 7. 

d' Angers,  71. 

de  Gand,  134. 

d  e  Montmorency,  167. 

des  Noisettes,  100. 

de  Plantier,  150. 

de  la  Duchere,  151. 

Triomphant,  133. 
Tuscany,  55,  71. 

Noisette,  71. 

Unique,  42. 

de  Provins,  47. 

Vandael,  71. 
Velours,  72. 
Vestivius,  134. 
Village  Maid,  59. 


Victor  Hugo,  72. 
Victoria  Modeste,  122. 
Victoire  Argentee,  150 
Vlctorieuse,  105. 
Violet  Episcopal,  72. 

deBelgique,  72,  150. 


Violacea,  170. 
Virginal,  134. 
Vitellina,  105. 
Vieillard,  46. 
Volumineuse,  164. 

Watts'  Climbing  China,  72. 

Celestial,  72. 

Washington,  134. 
Wells'  White  Climbing,  24. 
Wellington,  72. 
White  Bath,  48. 

Boursault,  14. 

Banksia,  19. 

Climbing  Globe  Unique, 

66. 

Daily  Rose,  130. 

Globe,  62. 

Monthly     Damask,     64, 

►  166. 

Provins,  42, 

William  Wallace,  122. 

#Ycllo\v  Banksia,  19. 

Tea,  115. 

Sweet  Brier,  37. 


Youlande  d'Arragon,  158. 
^York  and  Lancaster,  64. 
Yorkshire  Provins,  43. 

Zulema,  150. 


THE    END 


